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Current status of biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods

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Abstract

Knowledge about dose levels in radiation protection is an important step for risk assessment. However, in most cases of real or suspected accidental exposures to ionizing radiation (IR), physical dosimetry cannot be performed for retrospective estimates. In such situations, biological dosimetry has been proposed as an alternative for investigation. Briefly, biodosimetry can be defined as individual dose evaluation based on biological endpoints induced by IR (so-called biomarkers). The relationship between biological endpoints and absorbed dose is not always straightforward: nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, for example, are the most well-known biological effects of individual irradiation, but a precise correlation between those symptoms and absorbed dose is hardly achieved. The scoring of unstable chromosomal-type aberrations (such as dicentrics and rings) and micronuclei in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood, up till today, has been the most extensively biodosimetry assay employed for such purposes. Dicentric assay is the gold standard in biodosimetry, since its presence is generally considered to be specific to radiation exposure; scoring of micronuclei (a kind of by-product of chromosomal damages) is easier and faster than that of dicentrics for dose assessment. In this context, the aim of this work is to present an overview on biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods, highlighting its advantages and limitations as tool in monitoring of radiation workers’ doses or investigation into accidental exposures. Recent advances and perspectives are also briefly presented.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Thiago de Salazar e Fernandes (UFRPE–Recife-Brazil) for the discussion of this text, Mariana Cavalcanti (LAMBDA-UFPE-Brazil) for the image of p53 expression level by flow cytometry and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for financial support.

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  1. Grupo de Estudos em Radioproteção e Radioecologia (GERAR), Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Luiz Freire, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, PE, 50740-540, Brazil

    Marcela Maria Pereira de Lemos Pinto, Neyliane Frassinetti Gonçalves Santos & Ademir Amaral

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  1. Marcela Maria Pereira de Lemos Pinto
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  2. Neyliane Frassinetti Gonçalves Santos
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  3. Ademir Amaral
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Correspondence to Marcela Maria Pereira de Lemos Pinto.

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de Lemos Pinto, M.M.P., Santos, N.F.G. & Amaral, A. Current status of biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods. Radiat Environ Biophys 49, 567–581 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-010-0311-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-010-0311-3

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