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The role of crustal contamination in the petrogenesis of nepheline syenite to granite magmas in the Ditrău Complex, Romania: evidence from O-, Nd-, Sr- and Pb-isotopes

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Abstract

The Ditrău Complex of the Carpathian Mountains in Romania is a Mesozoic igneous complex (~ 200–230 Ma) generated in a continental rift environment. Felsic rocks of the Ditrău Complex consist of nepheline syenite, syenite, quartz syenite, quartz monzonite, monzonite and granite. The Ditrău rocks have mantle-like ɛNd values that range from + 0.8 to + 5.5 ‰. High-temperature equilibrium O-isotope fractionations between minerals are generally preserved, although some subsolidus O-isotope re-equilibration occurred. Magma δ18O values estimated from quartz, feldspar and amphibole (5.7–11.7‰) are higher than those estimated from zircon. We suggest that this difference results from continuous crustal contamination, with zircon recording the early, high-temperature δ18O values, and quartz and the other silicate δ18O values, reflecting a combination of subsequent crustal contamination and deuteric alteration. Negative correlations between calculated magma δ18O values and Na2O and Al2O3 content and εNd are consistent with the spectrum of felsic rocks from nepheline syenite to granite resulting from an increase crustal input. Both O- and Nd-isotope compositions are consistent with a dominantly mantle origin of hornblendites, diorites and nepheline syenites. The Nd- and O-isotope composition of the silica-oversaturated rocks can be explained by the assimilation of 20–60% upper crustal melts into the re-injected mafic alkaline parent magma to generate the Ditrău syenites, quartz syenites, quartz monzonites and granites.

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Acknowledgements

The isotope analyses were funded by the Ministry of Human Resources of the Government of Hungary through the National Scholarship of Young Talents grant. Additional funding was provided by UCT in the form of a PhD fellowship to ÁÓ, and the NRF as incentive funding to CH is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Fayrooza Rawoot, Sherissa Roopnarain, Kerryn Gray, Phil Janney, Christel Tinguely and Jonathan van Rooyen for help with the analytical work. We also thank Dr. Elemér Pál-Molnár from the Volcano Research Group (University of Szeged, Hungary) for providing samples and some whole-rock data, Dr. Ildikó Soós and Dr. Réka Lukács from MTA-ELTE Volcanology Research Group (Hungary) for their help with zircon separation. Stefan Jung, Michael Marks and Greg Shellnut are thanked for their constructive comments on the PhD thesis of the first author. We thank Othmar Müntener and two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments.

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    Ágnes Ódri, Chris Harris & Petrus Le Roux

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Ódri, Á., Harris, C. & Le Roux, P. The role of crustal contamination in the petrogenesis of nepheline syenite to granite magmas in the Ditrău Complex, Romania: evidence from O-, Nd-, Sr- and Pb-isotopes. Contrib Mineral Petrol 175, 100 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-020-01738-5

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