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The contrasting geochemical message from the New Caledonia gabbronorites: insights on depletion and contamination processes of the sub-arc mantle in a nascent arc setting

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Abstract

The New Caledonia ophiolite hosts one of the rare examples of crust-mantle sections built in a nascent arc environment, providing the unique opportunity to investigate the first stages of arc magmatism in a subduction setting. The sequence consists of refractory harzburgites, overlain by ultramafic (dunites and wehrlites) and mafic lithologies (gabbronorites). The gabbronorites occur in the upper part of the sequence as decimetre to metre-size sills. They are mainly formed (≃ 55 to 70 vol%) of Ca-rich plagioclase (An up to 96 mol%) and high Mg# (88–92), Al2O3-poor (1.5–2.4 wt%) clinopyroxene (8–20 vol%), often rimmed by interstitial or poikilitic orthopyroxene (6–27 vol%). Mg-rich olivine (3–15 vol%, Fo = 87–89 mol%) occurs as anhedral, resorbed crystals. Whole rock (WR) compositions exhibit high Mg# (86–92) and strikingly low trace element contents. They own LREE-depleted patterns, with nearly flat (0.82 ≤ DyN/YbN ≤ 1.00) and low HREE (YbN = 0.2–0.9) and positive Eu anomalies. Clinopyroxene trace element chemistry mirrors the extreme depletion of the WR. By contrast, FME enrichments are observed for WR and clinopyroxene. Geochemical models show that the gabbronorites crystallized from primitive, ultra-depleted melts bearing evidence of fluid contamination processes, but with significantly different geochemical signatures compared to boninitic rocks worldwide, i.e. lower LREE-MREE, and absence of Nb depletion and Zr–Hf enrichments. Nd isotopes (+ 8.2 ≤ εNdi ≤ + 13.1), together with radiogenic Pb isotopic ratios, support an origin from a DMM source variably modified by slab fluids. We propose that the geochemical signature of the New Caledonia gabbronorites reflect emplacement of primitive, non-aggregated, magma batches in the lower fore-arc crust, during the first phases of arc formation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to B. Galland, C. Douchet, O. Bruguier, P. Verdoux and P. Telouk for their expertise in chemical room management, ICP-MS, TIMS and MC-ICP-MS analyses, respectively. We would like to thank Daniele Brunelli (University of Modena) and Roberto Braga (University of Bologna) for providing access to XRF analyses. Bob Stern (UT Dallas) and Riccardo Tribuzio (University of Pavia) are acknowledged for their constructive comments on the manuscript. We also thank T.L. Grove for editorial handling. This paper is part of the PhD work of A.S., which was supported by a Vinci grant (Italian–French University) and by Italian-PRIN prot. 2015C5LN35.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy

    Arianna Secchiari & Alessandra Montanini

  2. Geosciences Montpellier, UMR 52-43 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    Delphine Bosch

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Patrizia Macera

  4. Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia

    Dominique Cluzel

Authors
  1. Arianna Secchiari
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  2. Alessandra Montanini
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  3. Delphine Bosch
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  4. Patrizia Macera
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  5. Dominique Cluzel
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alessandra Montanini.

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Communicated by Timothy L. Grove.

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Secchiari, A., Montanini, A., Bosch, D. et al. The contrasting geochemical message from the New Caledonia gabbronorites: insights on depletion and contamination processes of the sub-arc mantle in a nascent arc setting. Contrib Mineral Petrol 173, 66 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1496-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1496-8

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