Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Flow behavior and microstructures of hydrous olivine aggregates at upper mantle pressures and temperatures

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Deformation experiments on olivine aggregates were performed under hydrous conditions using a deformation-DIA apparatus combined with synchrotron in situ X-ray observations at pressures of 1.5–9.8 GPa, temperatures of 1223–1800 K, and strain rates ranging from 0.8 × 10−5 to 7.5 × 10−5 s−1. The pressure and strain rate dependencies of the plasticity of hydrous olivine may be described by an activation volume of 17 ± 6 cm3 mol−1 and a stress exponent of 3.2 ± 0.6 at temperatures of 1323–1423 K. A comparison between previous data sets and our results at a normalized temperature and a strain rate showed that the creep strength of hydrous olivine deformed at 1323–1423 K is much weaker than that for the dislocation creep of water-saturated olivine and is similar to that for diffusional creep and dislocation-accommodated grain boundary sliding, while dislocation microstructures showing the [001] slip or the [001](100) slip system were developed. At temperatures of 1633–1800 K, a much stronger pressure effect on creep strength was observed for olivine with an activation volume of 27 ± 7 cm3 mol−1 assuming a stress exponent of 3.5, water fugacity exponent of 1.2, and activation energy of 520 kJ mol−1 (i.e., power-law dislocation creep of hydrous olivine). Because of the weak pressure dependence of the rheology of hydrous olivine at lower temperatures, water weakening of olivine could be effective in the deeper and colder part of Earth’s upper mantle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abramson EH, Browon JM, Slutsky LJ, Zaug J (1997) The elastic constants of San Carlos olivine up to 17 GPa. J Geophys Res 105:7893–7908

    Google Scholar 

  • Beran A, Libowitzky E (2006) Water in natural mantle minerals II: olivine, garnet and accessory minerals. Rev Miner Geochem 62:169–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bollinger C, Raterron P, Cordier P, Merkel S (2014) Polycrystaline olivine rheology in dislocation creep: revisiting experimental data to 8.1 GPa. Phys Earth Planet Inter 228:211–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bollinger C, Merkel S, Cordier P, Raterron P (2015) Deformation of forsterite polycrystals at mantle pressure: comparison with Fe-bearing olivine and the effect of iron on its plasticity. Phys Earth Planet Inter 240:95–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boneh Y, Skemer P (2014) The effect of deformation history on the evolution of olivine CPO. Earth Planet Sci Lett 406:213–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borch RS, Green HW (1987) Dependence of creep in olivine on homologous temperature and its implications for flow in the mantle. Nature 330:345–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borch RS, Green HW (1989) Deformation of peridotite at highpressure in a new molten salt cell: comparison of traditional and homologous temperature treatments. Phys Earth Planet Inter 55:269–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunge HJ (1982) Texture analysis in materials science. Butterworths, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Chopra PN, Paterson MS (1984) The role of water in the deformation of dunite. J Geophys Res 89:7861–7876

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Couvy H, Frost DJ, Heidelbach F, Nyilas K, Ungár T, Mackwell S, Cordier P (2004) Shear deformation experiments of forsterite at 11 GPa–1400 °C in the multianvil apparatus. Eur J Miner 16:877–889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demouchy S, Tommasi A, Barou F, Mainprice D, Cordier P (2012) Deformation of olivine in torsion under hydrous conditions. Phys Earth Planet Inter 202–203:56–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demouchy S, Mussi A, Barou F, Tommasi A, Cordier P (2014) Viscoplasticity of polycrystalline olivine experimentally deformed at high pressure and 900 °C. Techtonophys 623:123–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dresen G, Wang Z, Bai Q (1996) Kinetics of grain growth in anorthite. Techtonophys 258:251–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durham WB, Mei S, Kohlstedt DL, Wang L, Dixon N (2009) New measurements of activation volume in olivine under anhydrous conditions. Phys Earth Planet Inter 172:67–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faul UH, Cline CJ, David EC, Berry AJ, Jackson I (2016) Titanium-hydroxyl defect-controlled rheology of the Earth’s upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 452:227–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Férot A, Bolfan-Casanova N (2012) Water storage capacity in olivine and pyroxene to 14 GPa: implications for the water content of the earth’s upper mantle and nature of seismic discontinuities. Earth Planet Sci Lett 349–350:218–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Girard J, Chen J, Raterron P III, Holyoke C (2013) Hydrolytic weakening of olivine at mantle pressure: evidence of [100](010) slip system softening from single-crystal deformation experiments. Phys Earth Planet Inter 216:12–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant KJ, Brooker RA, Kohn SC, Wood BJ (2007) The effect of oxygen fugacity on hydroxyl concentrations and speciation in olivine: implications for water solubility in the upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 261:217–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green HW, Borch RS (1987) The pressure dependence of creep. Acta Metall 35:1301–1305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen LN, Zimmerman ME, Kohlstedt DL (2011) Grain boundary sliding in San Carlos olivine: flow law parameters and crystallographic-preferred orientation. J Geophys Res 116:B08201. doi:10.1029/2011JB008220

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen LN, Zimmerman ME, Dillman A, Kohlstedt D (2012) Strain localization in olivine aggregates at high temperature: a laboratory comparison of constant-strain-rate and constant-stress boundary conditions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 333–334:134–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschmann MM (2006) Water, melting, and the deep Earth H2O cycle. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 34:629–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirth G, Kohlstedt DL (1996) Water in the oceanic upper mantle: implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere. Earth Planet Sci Lett 144:93–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirth G, Kohlstedt DL (2003) Rheology of the upper mantle and the mantle wedge: a view from the experimentalists. In: Eiler J (ed) Inside the subduction factory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. American Geophysical Union, pp 83–105

  • Huang Y, Humphreys FJ (2000) Subgrain growth and low angle boundary mobility in aluminium crystals of orientation {110}<001>. Acta Mater 48:2017–2030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isaak DG (1992) High-temperature elasticity of iron-bearing olivines. J Geophys Res 97:1871–1885

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung H, Karato S (2001a) Effects of water on dynamically recrystallized grain-size of olivine. J Struct Geol 23:1337–1344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung H, Karato S (2001b) Water-induced fabric transitions in olivine. Science 293:1460–1463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung H, Katayama I, Jiang Z, Hiraga T, Karato S (2006) Effect of water and stress on the lattice-preferred orientation of olivine. Tectonophysics 421:1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminski É (2002) The influence of water on the development of lattice preferred orientation in olivine aggregates. Geophys Res Lett 29:17-1. doi:10.1029/2002GL014710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karato S (1989a) Defects and plastic deformation in olivine. In: Karato S, Toriumi M (eds) Rheology of solids and of the earth. Oxford University Press, London, pp 176–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Karato S (1989b) Grain growth kinetics in olivine aggregates. Tectonophysics 168:255–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karato S, Jung H (2003) Effects of pressure on high-temperature dislocation creep in olivine. Philos Mag 83:401–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karato S, Rubie DC (1997) Toward an experimental study of deep mantle rheology: a new multianvil sample assembly for deformation studies under high pressures and temperatures. J Geophys Res 102:20111–20122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karato S, Paterson MS, FitzGerald JD (1986) Rheology of synthetic olivine aggregates: influence of grain size and water. J Geophys Res 91:8151–8176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karato S, Zhang S, Wenk H-R (1995) Superplasticity in Earth’s lower mantle: evidence from seismic anisotropy and rock physics. Science 270:458–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katayama I, Karato S (2008) Low-temperature, high-stress deformation of olivine under water-saturated conditions. Phys Earth Planet Inter 168:125–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katayama I, Jung H, Karato S (2004) New type of olivine fabric from deformation experiments at modest water content and low stress. Geology 32:1045–1048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawazoe T, Karato S, Otsuka K, Jing Z, Mookherjee M (2009) Shear deformation of dry polycrystalline olivine under deep upper mantle conditions using a rotational Drickamer apparatus (RDA). Phys Earth Planet Inter 174:128–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawazoe T, Nishihara Y, Ohuchi T, Nishiyama N, Higo Y, Funakoshi K, Irifune T (2011) In situ stress–strain measurements in a deformation-DIA apparatus at P-T conditions of the upper part of the mantle transition zone. Am Miner 96:1665–1672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keefner JW, Mackwell SJ, Kohlstedt DL, Heidelbach F (2011) Dependence of dislocation creep of dunite on oxygen fugacity: implications for viscosity variations in Earth’s mantle. J Geophys Res 116:B05201. doi:10.1029/2010JB007748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keppler H, Bolfan-Casanova N (2006) Thermodynamics of water solubility and partitioning. Rev Miner Geochem 62:193–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohlstedt DL, Goetze C, Durham WB (1976a) Experimental deformation of single crystal olivine with application to flow in the mantle. In: Strens RGJ (ed) The physics and chemistry of minerals and rocks. Wiley, New York, pp 35–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlstedt DL, Goetze C, Durham WB (1976b) New technique for decorating dislocations in olivine. Science 191:1045–1046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohlstedt DL, Keppler H, Rubie DC (1996) Solubility of water in the α, β and γ phases of (Mg, Fe)2SiO4. Contrib Miner Petrol 123:345–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korenaga J, Karato S (2008) A new analysis of experimental data on olivine rheology. J Geophys Res 113:B02403. doi:10.1029/2007JB005100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langdon T (2006) Grain boundary sliding revisited: developments in sliding over four decades. J Mater Sci 41:597–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Weidner D, Raterron P, Chen J, Vaughan M, Me SH, Durham B (2006) Deformation of olivine at mantle pressure using the D-DIA. Eur J Miner 18:7–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu M, Kerschhofei L, Mosenfelder JL, Rubie DC (1998) The effect of strain energy on growth rates during the olivine-spinel transformation and implications for olivine metastability in subducting slabs. J Geophys Res 103:23897–23909

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu W, Kung J, Li B (2005) Elasticity of San Carlos olivine to 8 GPa and 1073 K. Geophys Res Lett 32:L16301. doi:10.1029/2005GL023453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lizarralde D, Chave A, Hirth G, Schultz A (1995) Northeastern Pacific mantle conductivity profile from long-period magnetotelluric sounding using Hawaii to California submarine cable data. J Geophys Res 100:17837–17854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mainprice D, Silver PG (1993) Interpretation of SKS-waves using samples from the subcontinental lithosphere. Phys Earth Planet Inter 78:257–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell RD, Peach CJ, Spiers CJ (1999) Flow behavior of fine-grained synthetic dunite in the presence of 0.5 wt% H2O. J Geophys Res 104:17823–17845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell RD, Peach CJ, van Roermund HLM, Spiers CJ (2000) Effect of varying enstatite content on the deformation behavior of fine-grained synthetic peridotite under wet conditions. J Geophys Res 105:13535–13553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mei S, Kohlstedt DL (2000a) Influence of water on plastic deformation of olivine aggregates 1. Diffusion creep regime. J Geophys Res 105:21457–21469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mei S, Kohlstedt DL (2000b) Influence of water on plastic deformation of olivine aggregates 2. Dislocation creep regime. J Geophys Res 105:21471–21481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercier J-C (1980) Magnitude of the continental lithospheric stresses inferred from rheomorphic petrology. J Geophys Res 85:6293–6303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merkel S (2006) X-ray diffraction evaluation of stress in high pressure deformation experiments. J Phys Condens Matter 18:S949–S962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki T, Sueyoshi K, Hiraga T (2014) Olivine crystals align during diffusion creep of Earth’s upper mantle. Nature 502:321–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishihara Y, Shinmei T, Karato S (2006) Grain-growth kinetics in wadsleyite: effects of chemical environment. Phys Earth Planet Inter 154:30–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishihara Y, Ohuchi T, Kawazoe T, Spengler D, Tasaka M, Kikegawa T, Suzuki A, Ohtani E (2014) Rheology of fine-grained forsterite aggregate at deep upper mantle conditions. J Geophys Res 119:253–273. doi:10.1002/2013JB010473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohuchi T, Irifune T (2013) Development of A-type olivine fabric in water-rich deep upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 362:20–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohuchi T, Irifune T (2014) Crystallographic preferred orientation of olivine in the Earth’s deep upper mantle. Phys Earth Planet Inter 228:220–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohuchi T, Kawazoe T, Nishiyama N, Nishihara Y, Irifune T (2010) Technical development of simple shear deformation experiments using a deformation-DIA apparatus. J Earth Sci 21:523–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohuchi T, Karato S, Fujino K (2011) Strength of single crystal of orthopyroxene under lithospheric conditions. Contrib Miner Petrol 161:961–975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohuchi T, Kawazoe T, Nishihara Y, Irifune T (2012a) Change of olivine a-axis alignment induced by water: origin of seismic anisotropy in subduction zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 317–318:111–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohuchi T, Nishihara Y, Kawazoe T, Spengler D, Shiraishi R, Suzuki A, Kikegawa T, Ohtani E (2012b) Superplasticity in hydrous melt-bearing dunite: implications for shear localization in Earth’s upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 335–336:59–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohuchi T, Kawazoe T, Higo Y, Funakoshi K, Suzuki A, Kikegawa T, Irifune T (2015) Dislocation-accommodated grain boundary sliding of water-rich olivine in the Earth’s deep upper mantle. Sci Adv 1:e1500360. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson MS (1982) The determination of hydroxyl by infrared absorption in quartz, silicate glasses and similar materials. Bull Minér 105:20–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross JV, Ave’Lallemant HG, Carter N (1979) Activation volume for creep in the upper mantle 203:261–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Seto Y (2012) Whole pattern fitting for two-dimensional diffraction patterns from polycrystalline materials. Rev High Press Sci Technol 22:144–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shiraishi R, Ohtani E, Kubo T, Doi N, Suzuki A, Shimojuku A, Kato T, Kikegawa T (2011) Deformation cubic anvil press and stress and strain measurements using monochromatic X-rays at high pressure and high temperature. High Press Res 31:399–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh AK, Balasingh C, Mao H-K, Hemley RJ, Shu J (1998) Analysis of lattice strains measured under nonhydrostatic pressure. J Appl Phys 83:7567–7575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tasaka M, Hiraga T (2013) Influence of mineral fraction on the rheological properties of forsterite + enstatite during grain-size-sensitive creep: 1 grain size and grain growth. J Geophys Res 118:3970–3990. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tasaka M, Zimmerman ME, Kohlstedt DL (2015) Creep behavior of Fe-bearing olivine under hydrous conditions. J Geophys Res 120:6039–6057. doi:10.1002/2015JB012096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Meijde M, Marone F, Giardini D, van der Lee S (2003) Seismic evidence for water deep in Earth’s upper mantle. Science 300:1556–1558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Wal D, Chopra P, Drury M, FitzGerald J (1993) Relationships between dynamically recrystallized grain size and deformation conditions in experimentally deformed olivine rocks. Geophys Res Lett 20:1479–1482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vissers RLM, Drury MR, Stranting EHH, Spiers CJ, Dvd Wal (1995) Mantle shear zones and their effect on lithosphere strength during continental breakup. Tectonophysics 249:155–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z (2002) Effects of pressure and water on the kinetic properties of olivine (PhD Thesis). University of Minnesota, p 134

  • Wang D, Mookherjee M, Xu Y, Karato S (2006) The effect of water on the electrical conductivity of olivine. Nature 443:977–980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wenk H-R, Bennett K (1991) Modelling plastic deformation of peridotite with the self-consistent theory. J Geophys Res 96:8337–8349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Withers AC, Hirschmann MM (2008) Influence of temperature, composition, silica activity and oxygen fugacity on the H2O storage capacity of olivine at 8 GPa. Contrib Miner Petrol 156:595–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshino T, Matsuzaki T, Yamashita S, Katsura T (2006) Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere. Nature 443:973–976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao YD, Ginsberg SB, Kohlstedt DL (2004) Solubility of hydrogen in olivine: dependence on temperature and iron content. Contrib Miner Petrol 147:155–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Y. Nishihara, K. Funakoshi, T. Kikegawa, and T. Irifune for their technical support for the synchrotron experiments, T. Sakai for preparation of a TEM foil using the FIB system, and K. Fujino for his help with TEM observations. Official review by three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. This research was conducted with the approvals of the Photon Factory Program Advisory Committee (Proposal Nos. 2010G136 and 2012G133) and SPring-8 (No. 2013B0082), supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Nos. 22340161 and 25707040).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan

    Tomohiro Ohuchi & Takaaki Kawazoe

  2. Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany

    Takaaki Kawazoe

  3. Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan

    Yuji Higo

  4. Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan

    Akio Suzuki

Authors
  1. Tomohiro Ohuchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Takaaki Kawazoe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuji Higo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Akio Suzuki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tomohiro Ohuchi.

Additional information

Communicated by Hans Keppler.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ohuchi, T., Kawazoe, T., Higo, Y. et al. Flow behavior and microstructures of hydrous olivine aggregates at upper mantle pressures and temperatures. Contrib Mineral Petrol 172, 65 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1375-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1375-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation