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Melting of metasomatized peridotite at 4–6 GPa and up to 1200 °C: an experimental approach

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Abstract

The phase assemblages and compositions in a K-bearing lherzolite + H2O system are determined between 4 and 6 GPa and 850–1200 °C, and the melting reactions occurring at subarc depth in subduction zones are constrained. Experiments were performed on a rocking multi-anvil apparatus. The experiments had around 16 wt% water content, and hydrous melt or aqueous fluid was segregated and trapped in a diamond aggregate layer. The compositions of the aqueous fluid and hydrous melt phases were measured using the cryogenic LA-ICP-MS technique. The residual lherzolite consists of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and garnet, while diamond (C) is assumed to be inert. Hydrous and alkali-rich minerals were absent from the run products due to preferred dissolution of K2O (and Na2O) to the aqueous fluid/hydrous melt phases. The role of phlogopite in melting relations is, thus, controlled by the water content in the system: at the water content of around 16 wt% used here, phlogopite is unstable and thus does not participate in melting reactions. The water-saturated solidus, i.e., the first appearance of hydrous melt in the K–lherzolite composition, is located between 900 and 1000 °C at 4 GPa and between 1000 and 1100 °C at 5 and 6 GPa. Compositional jumps between hydrous melt and aqueous fluid at the solidus include a significant increase in the total dissolved solids load. All melts/fluids are peralkaline and calcium-rich. The melting reactions at the solidus are peritectic, as olivine, clinopyroxene, garnet, and H2O are consumed to generate hydrous melt plus orthopyroxene. Our fluid/melt compositional data demonstrate that the water-saturated hybrid peridotite solidus lies above 1000 °C at depths greater than 150 km and that the second critical endpoint is not reached at 6 GPa for a K2O–Na2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–Cr2O3(–TiO2) peridotite composition.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Israel Science Foundation Grants (251/09). Vitali Gutkin and Dr. Vladimir Uvarov from the Nano-characterization Center at the Hebrew University are thanked for their help with the SEM and XRD work. Omri Dvir is thanked for his help with the LA-ICP-MS analyses. Judah Coddington and Noga Vaisblat are thanked for their help in the experimental work. We appreciate the very valuable comments of D.H. Green and two anonymous reviewers, and the excellent comments and editorial work of John Blundy and Othmar Müntener, helping us to significantly improve the manuscript.

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Correspondence to R. Kessel.

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Communicated by Jon Blundy and Othmar Müntener.

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Kessel, R., Pettke, T. & Fumagalli, P. Melting of metasomatized peridotite at 4–6 GPa and up to 1200 °C: an experimental approach. Contrib Mineral Petrol 169, 37 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1132-9

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