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Amphibole perspective to unravel pre-eruptive processes and conditions in volcanic plumbing systems beneath intermediate arc volcanoes: a case study from Ciomadul volcano (SE Carpathians)

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Abstract

Ciomadul is the youngest volcano in the Carpathian–Pannonian region produced crystal-rich high-K dacites that contain abundant amphibole phenocrysts. The amphiboles in the studied dacites are characterized by large variety of zoning patterns, textures, and a wide range of compositions (e.g., 6.4–15 wt% Al2O3, 79–821 ppm Sr) often in thin-section scale and even in single crystals. Two amphibole populations were observed in the dacite: low-Al hornblendes represent a cold (<800 °C) silicic crystal mush, whereas the high-Al pargasites crystallized in a hot (>900 °C) mafic magma. Amphibole thermobarometry suggests that the silicic crystal mush was stored in an upper crustal storage (~8–12 km). This was also the place where the erupted dacitic magma was formed during the remobilization of upper crustal silicic crystal mush body by hot mafic magma indicated by simple-zoned and composite amphiboles. This includes reheating (by ~200 °C) and partial remelting of different parts of the crystal mush followed by intensive crystallization of the second mineral population (including pargasites). Breakdown textures of amphiboles imply that they were formed by reheating in case of hornblendes, suggesting that pre-eruptive heating and mixing could take place within days or weeks before the eruption. The decompression rim of pargasites suggests around 12 days of magma ascent in the conduit. Several arc volcanoes produce mixed intermediate magmas with similar bimodal amphibole cargo as the Ciomadul, but in our dacite the two amphibole population can be found even in a single crystal (composite amphiboles). Our study indicates that high-Al pargasites form as a second generation in these magmas after the mafic replenishment into a silicic capture zone; thus, they cannot unambiguously indicate a deeper mafic storage zone beneath these volcanoes. The simple-zoned and composite amphiboles provide direct evidence that significant compositional variations of amphiboles do not necessarily mean variation in the pressure of crystallization even if the Al-tschermak substitution can be recognized, suggesting that amphibole barometers that consider only amphibole composition may often yield unrealistic pressure variation.

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Acknowledgments

This research has been supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA No. 68587). Kiss Balázs in this research was supported by the European Union and the State of Hungary, co-financed by the European Social Fund in the framework of TÁMOP-4.2.4.A/2-11/1-2012-0001 `National Excellence Program’. Ioan Seghedi, Csaba Jánosi, and Alex Szakács provided invaluable help during the field trip campaigns. Fruitful discussions with Malcolm Rutherford, Filippo Ridolfi, Gerhard Wörner, Jon Blundy, and Olivier Bachmann at different stages of this study have helped to refine our model and clarify our ideas on amphibole formation and on the nature of the magma storage zone beneath intermediate volcanoes. M. Éva Jankovics are thanked for improvements in English and figures. Tamás Sági, Zsolt Bendő, and Franz Kiraly are acknowledged for help during SEM and EMPA analyses. Constructive comments provided by Olivier Bachmann and Michael J. Krawczynski and the editor Timothy L. Grove helped us to refine significantly the original manuscript.

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  1. MTA-ELTE Volcanology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary

    Balázs Kiss, Szabolcs Harangi & Elemér Pál-Molnár

  2. Department of Petrology and Geochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary

    Balázs Kiss & Szabolcs Harangi

  3. Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Theodoros Ntaflos

  4. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Paul R. D. Mason

  5. Vulcano Research Group, Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, University of Szeged, Egyetem utca 2, Szeged, 6722, Hungary

    Balázs Kiss & Elemér Pál-Molnár

Authors
  1. Balázs Kiss
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  2. Szabolcs Harangi
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  3. Theodoros Ntaflos
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  4. Paul R. D. Mason
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  5. Elemér Pál-Molnár
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Correspondence to Balázs Kiss.

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Communicated by T L. Grove.

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Kiss, B., Harangi, S., Ntaflos, T. et al. Amphibole perspective to unravel pre-eruptive processes and conditions in volcanic plumbing systems beneath intermediate arc volcanoes: a case study from Ciomadul volcano (SE Carpathians). Contrib Mineral Petrol 167, 986 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-0986-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-0986-6

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