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Temporal and chemical connections between plutons and ignimbrites from the Mount Princeton magmatic center

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Abstract

The Mount Princeton magmatic center, located in central Colorado, consists of the epizonal Mount Princeton batholith, the nested Mount Aetna caldera, and volumetrically minor leucogranites. New CA-TIMS U/Pb zircon ages indicate the majority of the Mount Princeton batholith was emplaced during a period of regional ignimbrite quiescence. The structurally highest unit of quartz monzonite yields a 206Pb/238U age of 35.80 ± 0.10 Ma, and the youngest dated unit of the quartz monzonite is a porphyritic unit that yields a 206Pb/238U age of 35.37 ± 0.10 Ma. Using the exposed, dated volume of the quartz monzonite and new geochronology yields an estimated pluton filling rate of ~0.002 km3/a. This rate is comparable to the accumulation rates published for other plutons, and at least an order of magnitude slower than fluxes necessary to support accumulation of large eruptible magma volumes. Geochronology for the two large ignimbrites spatially associated with the batholith indicates a temporal disconnect between the vast majority of pluton building and explosive eruption of magma. The Wall Mountain Tuff erupted from a source in the same geographic area as the Mount Princeton batholith at 37.3 Ma (Ar/Ar sanidine), but no structural evidence of a caldera or temporally associated plutonic rocks is known. The Badger Creek Tuff erupted at 34.3 Ma (Ar/Ar sanidine) during the formation of the Mount Aetna caldera in the southern portion of the batholith. Our 206Pb/238U age for the Badger Creek Tuff is 34.47 ± 0.05. The only analyzed plutonic rocks of similar age to the Badger Creek Tuff are an extra-caldera dike with a 206Pb/238U age of 34.57 ± 0.08 Ma, a ring dike with a 206Pb/238U age of 34.48 ± 0.09 Ma, and a portion of the Mount Aetna pluton with a 206Pb/238U age of 34.60 ± 0.13 Ma. The small volume intrusions related to the eruption of the Badger Creek Tuff are chemically similar to the ignimbrite and show no signature of crystal–liquid separation in the shallow crust.

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Acknowledgments

Supported by National Science Foundation Grant EAR-1050215. Mills was also supported by the Geological Society of America, Sigma Xi, and the UNC Martin Fund. Laboratory assistance from Jesse Davis, Kyle Samperton, Jan Tympel, and Stephen Hughes was extremely helpful. Field work was completed with the help of Matt Zimmerer, Bill McIntosh, and Scott Bennett. We thank Jim Shannon and Peter Lipman for leading an informal field trip through the Mount Princeton area in 2007. Informal reviews by Mike Ackerson, Ryan Frazer, Allen Glazner, Peter Lipman, and Matt Zimmerer on earlier versions of this manuscript helped refine many of the concepts. Journal reviews by Calvin Miller, Shan de Silva, and editor Jon Blundy greatly improved the quality of the final publication. We also thank Jon Blundy for his editorial handling of the manuscript.

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    Present address: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, NASA-JSC, Houston, TX, 77058, USA

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Mills, R.D., Coleman, D.S. Temporal and chemical connections between plutons and ignimbrites from the Mount Princeton magmatic center. Contrib Mineral Petrol 165, 961–980 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0843-4

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