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Zircon textures and composition: refractory recorders of magmatic volatile evolution?

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Abstract

Zircon textures and composition have been used to infer magmatic processes including closed-system fractional crystallization, magma mixing or replenishment, and country-rock assimilation. Here, we propose that zircon textures and composition may also be refractory recorders of magmatic volatile evolution. We present field, whole-rock chemical, textural, mineral chemical, and U–Pb age data from evolved, fine-to-coarse-grained granite intrusions on Melville Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada. Zircon forms two main populations in these granites, Type-1 and Type-2 zircon. Type-1 zircon is present in all samples, but predominant in fine-grained granite. Crystals are euhedral and inclusion-rich and show periodic, fine-scale oscillatory zoning, comparatively low concentrations of U (<2,200 ppm) and Hf (<1.6 wt%), high Zr/Hf (~40–62), and pervasive alteration. Type-2 zircon is predominant in coarse-grained granite. Crystals form overgrowths on Type-1 zircon and individual crystals. They are subhedral and inclusion-poor and show weak, irregular, large-scale oscillatory zoning, high U (up to ~7,250 ppm) and Hf (1.5–2.0 wt%), low Zr/Hf (~37–44), and only local alteration. Compatible trace-element concentrations and Zr/Hf change sharply across the boundary of Type-1 to Type-2 zircon; 207Pb/206Pb ages preclude a significant hiatus between crystallization of the two types. We argue against magmatic versus hydrothermal crystallization, country-rock assimilation, or magma mixing as causes for the crystallization of Type-1 and Type-2 zircon. We propose instead that Type-1 zircon formed from volatile-undersaturated magmas and that Type-2 zircon formed from volatile-saturated magmas. Magmas fractionated by volatile-driven filter pressing into crystal-rich mush and crystal-poor magma. Crystal-rich mush with abundant Type-1 zircon crystallized to fine-grained granite. Volatile-rich magma crystallized to Type-2 zircon and coarse-grained granite. While Type-1 zircon was pervasively altered by exsolving magmatic volatiles, Type-2 zircon was only locally affected by subsolidus hydrothermal alteration.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported through GEM Melville Peninsula project led by D. Corrigan and L. Nadeau. S.E. acknowledges support through an NSERC visiting fellowship. We would like to thank R. Berman and B. Davis for insightful discussions, J. Whalen for stimulating discussions and comments on an earlier manuscript version, and P. Hunt, T. Pestaj, N. Rayner, and K. Venance for assistance with imaging and data acquisition. I. Ames, K. McIntyre, and L. Richan provided great support in the field. Mary Reid and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for insights and detailed comments, which helped us to improve our model and presentation. This is GSC contribution number 20110040.

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  1. Geological Survey of Canada, Central Canada Division, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0E8, Canada

    S. Erdmann, N. Wodicka, S. E. Jackson & D. Corrigan

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Erdmann, S., Wodicka, N., Jackson, S.E. et al. Zircon textures and composition: refractory recorders of magmatic volatile evolution?. Contrib Mineral Petrol 165, 45–71 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0791-z

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