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Relative contributions of crust and mantle to generation of Campanian high-K calc-alkaline I-type granitoids in a subduction setting, with special reference to the Harşit Pluton, Eastern Turkey

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Abstract

We present elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data for the magmatic suite (~79 Ma) of the Harşit pluton, from the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey), with the aim of determining its magma source and geodynamic evolution. The pluton comprises granite, granodiorite, tonalite and minor diorite (SiO2 = 59.43–76.95 wt%), with only minor gabbroic diorite mafic microgranular enclaves in composition (SiO2 = 54.95–56.32 wt%), and exhibits low Mg# (<46). All samples show a high-K calc-alkaline differentiation trend and I-type features. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns are fractionated [(La/Yb) n  = 2.40–12.44] and display weak Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.30–0.76). The rocks are characterized by enrichment of LILE and depletion of HFSE. The Harşit host rocks have weak concave-upward REE patterns, suggesting that amphibole and garnet played a significant role in their generation during magma segregation. The host rocks and their enclaves are isotopically indistinguishable. Sr–Nd isotopic data for all of the samples display I Sr = 0.70676–0.70708, ε Nd(79 Ma) = −4.4 to −3.3, with T DM = 1.09–1.36 Ga. The lead isotopic ratios are (206Pb/204Pb) = 18.79–18.87, (207Pb/204Pb) = 15.59–15.61 and (208Pb/204Pb) = 38.71–38.83. These geochemical data rule out pure crustal-derived magma genesis in a post-collision extensional stage and suggest mixed-origin magma generation in a subduction setting. The melting that generated these high-K granitoidic rocks may have resulted from the upper Cretaceous subduction of the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan oceanic slab beneath the Eurasian block in the region. The back-arc extensional events would have caused melting of the enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle and formed mafic magma. The underplating of the lower crust by mafic magmas would have played a significant role in the generation of high-K magma. Thus, a thermal anomaly induced by underplated basic magma into a hot crust would have caused partial melting in the lower part of the crust. In this scenario, the lithospheric mantle-derived basaltic melt first mixed with granitic magma of crustal origin at depth. Then, the melts, which subsequently underwent a fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation processes, could ascend to shallower crustal levels to generate a variety of rock types ranging from diorite to granite. Sr–Nd isotope modeling shows that the generation of these magmas involved ~65–75% of the lower crustal-derived melt and ~25–35% of subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Further, geochemical data and the Ar–Ar plateau age on hornblende, combined with regional studies, imply that the Harşit pluton formed in a subduction setting and that the back-arc extensional period started by least ~79 Ma in the Eastern Pontides.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) with grants # 107Y177 and 108Y200. The authors are also grateful to Durmuş Boztuğ and Hakan Çoban for their critical and constructive comments. Ahmet D. Şen and Murat Ketenci are thanked for their enthusiastic assistances during fieldwork.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Gümüşhane University, 29000, Gümüşhane, Turkey

    Orhan Karsli, Abdurrahman Dokuz & Raif Kandemir

  2. Department of Geological Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100, Trabzon, Turkey

    İbrahim Uysal

  3. Department of Geological Engineering, Niğde University, 51200, Niğde, Turkey

    Faruk Aydin

  4. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Bin Chen

  5. Laboratory of Isotope Geology, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jan Wijbrans

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  1. Orhan Karsli
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  2. Abdurrahman Dokuz
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  3. İbrahim Uysal
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  4. Faruk Aydin
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  5. Bin Chen
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  6. Raif Kandemir
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  7. Jan Wijbrans
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Orhan Karsli.

Additional information

Communicated by G. Moore.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

410_2010_489_MOESM2_ESM.doc

Supplementary Table 2 Microprobe analyses (wt.%) of amphibole and biotite in the representative rocks of the plutons (DOC 123 kb)

410_2010_489_MOESM4_ESM.doc

Supplementary Table 4 Microprobe analyses (wt.%) of Fe-Ti oxide in the representative rock types of the pluton (DOC 114 kb)

410_2010_489_MOESM1_ESM.doc

Supplementary Table 1 Microprobe analyses (wt.%) of plagioclase and K-feldspar in the representative rocks of the Harşit plutons (DOC 130 kb)

Supplementary Table 3 Microprobe analyses (wt.%) of biotite in the representative rocks of the pluton (DOC 81 kb)

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Karsli, O., Dokuz, A., Uysal, İ. et al. Relative contributions of crust and mantle to generation of Campanian high-K calc-alkaline I-type granitoids in a subduction setting, with special reference to the Harşit Pluton, Eastern Turkey. Contrib Mineral Petrol 160, 467–487 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-010-0489-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-010-0489-z

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