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The last lavas erupted during the main phase of the Siberian flood volcanic province: results from experimental petrology

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology volume 153, pages 191–209 (2007)Cite this article

Abstract

The final lavas of the Siberian flood basalts are a ∼1,000 m thick section of meimechites, high-alkali, high-titanium, hydrous lavas that contrast sharply with the tholeiites that precede them. This paper presents a phase equilibrium study indicating that a candidate primary meimechite magma with 1 wt% water originated at ∼5.5 GPa and 1,700°C, both hotter and shallower than other estimates for melting beneath continental lithosphere. The experiments also suggest that a higher volatile content was involved in meimechite source genesis. Both the absence of orthopyroxene in any experiment and the close field association with carbonatites suggest that the meimechite source region may have been metasomatized with a CO2-rich fluid. A small additional quantity of CO2 and water would move magma origination to ∼1,550–1,600°C.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation Petrology and Geochemistry program. The authors are very grateful for the support of and samples given by the American Museum of Natural History, Gerry Czamanske, Nick Arndt, and Valeri Fedorenko. The multi-anvil experiments were made possible by generous contributions from the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, and experiments at lower pressure through the generosity of Mac Rutherford and Yan Liang at Brown University. Rick Carlson, Gerry Czamanske, Valeri Fedorenko, Alexei Ivanov, and Alexander Polozov were kind enough to give close readings and helpful comments for improving the paper. Nick Arndt and Rebecca Lange provided thorough and constructive reviews.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA

    Linda T. Elkins-Tanton, Jessica Jewell, Andrew Thorpe & P. C. Hess

  2. Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, MSC03 2050, NM, 87131-0001, USA

    David S. Draper & Carl B. Agee

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  1. Linda T. Elkins-Tanton
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Correspondence to Linda T. Elkins-Tanton.

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Communicated by T.L. Grove.

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Elkins-Tanton, L.T., Draper, D.S., Agee, C.B. et al. The last lavas erupted during the main phase of the Siberian flood volcanic province: results from experimental petrology. Contrib Mineral Petrol 153, 191–209 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0140-1

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Keywords

  • Meimechite
  • Siberian flood basalt
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Experimental petrology
  • Multiple saturation