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A Causal Relationship Between Cough and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) has been Established: A Pro/Con Debate

Lung volume 192, pages 39–46 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Along with upper airway cough syndrome (formerly, postnasal drip syndrome) and eosinophilic airway inflammation (asthma, nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is generally considered among the most common etiologies of chronic cough. Indeed, cough management guidelines published by numerous respiratory societies worldwide recommend evaluation and treatment of GERD as an integral component of the diagnostic/therapeutic algorithm for the management of chronic cough. However, a significant number of patients with chronic cough presumed due to GERD do not report improvement despite aggressive acid-suppressive therapy. Some of these refractory cases may be due to the recently appreciated entity of nonacid or weakly acidic reflux. Further contributing to the controversy are recent studies that demonstrate that patients with chronic cough do not have excessive reflux events relative to healthy volunteers. Although a temporal relationship between cough and reflux events has been suggested by studies utilizing impedance-pH monitoring of reflux events and objective cough recording, consensus is lacking in terms of whether this temporal relationship proves a causal link between reflux and cough. The fourth American Cough Conference (New York, June 2013) provided an ideal forum for the debate of this issue between two internationally recognized experts in the field of reflux and chronic cough.

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Conflict of interest

Dr. Kahrilas is supported by R01 DK56033 and R01 DK092217 from the Public Health Service; Dr. Smith is an inventor on a patent describing novel methods for acoustic cough detection, licensed to a medical device company with which she collaborates to develop a commercial cough monitoring system; Dr. Dicpinigaitis reports no conflicts relevant to the content of this manuscript.

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Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Peter J. Kahrilas

  2. Centre for Respiratory and Allergy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Jaclyn A. Smith

  3. Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1825 Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA

    Peter V. Dicpinigaitis

Authors
  1. Peter J. Kahrilas
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  2. Jaclyn A. Smith
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  3. Peter V. Dicpinigaitis
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Correspondence to Peter V. Dicpinigaitis.

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Kahrilas, P.J., Smith, J.A. & Dicpinigaitis, P.V. A Causal Relationship Between Cough and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) has been Established: A Pro/Con Debate. Lung 192, 39–46 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-013-9528-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-013-9528-7

Keywords

  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • Cough
  • pH monitoring
  • Impedance-pH monitoring
  • Proton pump inhibitors
  • Reflux testing
  • Esophagus