Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are resilient bacteria that grow in virtually any environment, especially those where competing microorganisms are destroyed, such as in chlorinated water. They have been discovered in soil, dust, food, water, and domestic and wild animals. Nontuberculous mycobacteria tend to infect individuals with local (e.g., damaged skin or lung) or systemic (e.g., HIV, drugs, malignancy) defects in host defence, and their incidence and prevalence have consistently increased in the last decade. Difficulty may arise in determining whether an isolated NTM from a microbiological sample is in fact a contaminant or a pathogenic organism. In this review, we discuss the important mycobacteria involved in lung disease, factors that predispose individuals to infection, and their diagnosis and treatment according to updated guidelines. English language publications in MEDLINE and references from relevant articles from January 1, 1990 to June 28, 2009 were reviewed. Keywords searched were “nontuberculous,” “mycobacteria,” “diagnosis,” and “treatment.”
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Abbreviations
- AFB:
-
Acid fast bacilli
- AIDS:
-
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- ATS:
-
American Thoracic Society
- BAL:
-
Bronchoalveolar lavage
- CD:
-
Cluster of differentiation
- CF:
-
Cystic fibrosis
- CFA:
-
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
- CFTR:
-
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- COPD:
-
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CT:
-
Computed tomography
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- GORD:
-
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- HAART:
-
Highly active antiretroviral treatment
- HIV:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- HLA:
-
Human leukocyte antigen
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- HRCT:
-
High-resolution computed tomography
- IDSA:
-
Infectious Diseases Society of America
- IFN:
-
Interferon
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- IRIS:
-
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
- MAC:
-
Mycobacterium avium complex
- NFκB:
-
Nuclear factor κB
- NRAMP:
-
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein
- NTM:
-
Nontuberculous mycobacteria
- RGM:
-
Rapidly growing mycobacteria
- RNA:
-
Ribonucleic acid
- TDS:
-
Three times daily
- TLR:
-
Toll-like receptor
- TNF:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
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McGrath, E.E., Blades, Z., McCabe, J. et al. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and the Lung: From Suspicion to Treatment. Lung 188, 269–282 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-010-9240-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-010-9240-9