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The effects of physical exercise in schizophrenia and affective disorders

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European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Affective and non-affective psychoses are severe and frequent psychiatric disorders. Amongst others, they not only have a profound impact on affected individuals through their symptomatology, but also regarding cognition, brain structure and function. Cognitive impairment influences patients’ quality of life as well as their ability to work and being employed. While exercise therapy has been implemented in the treatment of psychiatric conditions since the days of Kraepelin and Bleuler, the underlying mechanisms have never been systematically studied. Since the early 1990s, studies emerged examining the effect of physical exercise in animal models, revealing stimulation of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and neurotransmission. Based on that body of work, clinical studies have been carried out in both healthy humans and in patient populations. These studies differ with regard to homogenous study samples, sample size, type and duration of exercise, outcome variables and measurement techniques. Based on their review, we draw conclusions regarding recommendations for future research strategies showing that modern therapeutic approaches should include physical exercise as part of a multimodal intervention programme to improve psychopathology and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia and affective disorders.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany

    Berend Malchow, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Alkomiet Hasan, Andrea Schmitt & Peter Falkai

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt/Main, Heinrich Hoffmann Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany

    Viola Oertel-Knöchel

  3. Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport Science, University of Göttingen, Sprangerweg 2, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    Katriona Keller

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Thomas W. Scheewe, Wiepke Cahn & René S. Kahn

  5. Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos 785, São Paulo, SP, 05453-010, Brazil

    Andrea Schmitt

  6. Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, 8017 CA, Zwolle, The Netherlands

    Thomas W. Scheewe

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Malchow, B., Reich-Erkelenz, D., Oertel-Knöchel, V. et al. The effects of physical exercise in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 263, 451–467 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-013-0423-2

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