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Table 1 NRS outcome measures by treatment group

From: Long-term outcomes of blue light laser therapy for epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia within a multimodal treatment concept

Treatment Subgroups (No.)

Baseline NRS (MEAN*, 95% CI)

Final NRS (MEAN*, 95% CI)

Mean Difference

(Final-Baseline)

p Value

All patients (n = 54)

5.08 (4.46–5.69)

6.67 (6.05–7.30)

1.69 (0.95–2.25)

p < 0.001

1 treatment (n = 17)

5.12 (3.41–6.83)

6.02 (4.27–7.78)

0.91 (–0.91–2.72)

p = 0.320

2–5 treatments (n = 21)

5.65 (4.67–6.64)

7.44 (6.43–8.44)

1.78 (0.74–2.82)

p < 0.001

 > 5 treatments (n = 16)

4.45 (2.49–6.41)

6.56 (4.55–8.57)

2.11 (0.03–4.18)

p = 0.047

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