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Oncological outcomes and prognostic factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper gingiva and hard palate: a retrospective study

  • Head and Neck
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European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Despite sharing the same staging system as oral cavity cancers, upper gingiva and hard palate (UGHP) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have several features that make them a different entity. We aimed to analyze oncological outcomes and adverse prognostic factors of UGHP SCC, and assess an alternate T classification specific to UGHP SCC.

Methods

Retrospective bicentric study including all patients treated by surgery for a UGHP SCC between 2006 and 2021.

Results

We included 123 patients with a median age of 75 years. After a median follow-up of 45 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and local control (LC) were 57.3%, 52.7% and 74.7%, respectively. Perineural invasion, tumor size, bone invasion, pT classification and pN classification were statistically associated with poorer OS, DFS and LC on univariate analysis. On multivariable analysis, the following variable were statistically associated with a poorer OS: past history of HN radiotherapy (p = 0.018), age > 70 years (p = 0.005), perineural invasions (p = 0.019) and bone invasion (p = 0.030). Median survivals after isolated local recurrence were 17.7 and 3 months in case of surgical and non-surgical treatment, respectively (p = 0.066). The alternate classification allowed better patient distribution among T-categories, however without improving prognostication.

Conclusion

There is a broad variety of clinical and pathological factors influencing prognosis of SCC of the UGHP. A comprehensive knowledge of their prognostic factors may pave the way towards a specific and more appropriate classification for these tumors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank Isabelle Olivier and the Research and Innovation Commission of Toulouse University Hospital for their administrative support.

Funding

The authors received no funding for the publication of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of MaxilloFacial Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital – Pierre Paul Riquet Hospital, Toulouse, France

    Marine Cheval, Raphaël Lopez & Franck Delanoë

  2. Department of Surgery, University Cancer Institute of Toulouse – Oncopole, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31100, Toulouse, France

    Sébastien Vergez, Agnès Dupret-Bories & Emilien Chabrillac

  3. Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital – Larrey Hospital, Toulouse, France

    Sébastien Vergez, Agnès Dupret-Bories & Emilien Chabrillac

  4. Department of Biostatistics, Claudius Regaud Institute, University Cancer Institute of Toulouse – Oncopole, Toulouse, France

    Amélie Lusque

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  1. Marine Cheval
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Correspondence to Emilien Chabrillac.

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Availability of data

The corresponding authors declares having full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The data can be shared upon reasonable request.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

A collection and computer processing of personal and medical date was implemented to analyze the results of the research. Toulouse University Hospital signed a commitment of compliance to the reference methodology MR-004 of the French National Commission for Informatics and Liberties (CNIL). After evaluation and validation by the data protection officer and according to the General Data Protection Regulation, this study completing all the criteria, it was registered in the register of retrospective study of the Toulouse University Hospital and covered by the MR-004 (CNIL number: 2206723 v 0).

Authorship statement

Chabrillac and Lopez designed the work; Cheval, Lopez, Lusque and Chabrillac acquired and analyzed data; Cheval, Lusque, Chabrillac and Lopez drafted the manuscript; Delanoë, Vergez, Dupret-Bories revised and approved the manuscript. All co-authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Cheval, M., Lopez, R., Delanoë, F. et al. Oncological outcomes and prognostic factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper gingiva and hard palate: a retrospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 280, 4569–4576 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-023-08033-6

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