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A nomogram for predicting overall survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth: a population-based study

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Abstract

Background

Floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma (SCCFOM) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with 5-year overall survival (OS) rates below 40% in published studies. However, the clinicopathological predictors of the prognosis of SCCFOM remain undefined. We aimed to establish a model to predict the survival outcomes of SCCFOM.

Methods

We searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients diagnosed with SCCFOM between 2000 and 2017. Data on patient demographics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were retrieved. Risk factors for OS were evaluated by survival and Cox regression analyses. A nomogram for OS was developed based on the multivariate model and split the patients into high- and low-risk cohorts based on cutoff values.

Results

Overall, 2014 SCCFOM patients were included in this population-based study. Multivariate Cox regression showed that age, married status, grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery were significant risk factors for survival. A nomogram was established using the regression model. The C-indices, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, and calibration plots demonstrated the reliable performance of the nomogram. Patients assigned to the high-risk group had a significantly lower survival rate.

Conclusions

The nomogram predicting survival outcomes of SCCFOM patients based on clinical information showed good discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy. Our nomogram could be used to predict the survival probabilities for SCCFOM patients at different timepoints.

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Data Availability

Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked data set from 2000 to 2017, using the Case Listing Session of SEER*Stat software (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; version 8.4.0.1). The SEER database is an open source database that allows global researchers to apply for data.

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Acknowledgements

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Author notes

  1. Yuxiao Cao and Wenyi Liu have contributed equally as first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Yuxiao Cao

  2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Yuxiao Cao

  3. Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Wenyi Liu

  4. Shanghai Bluecross Medical Science Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Wenyi Liu

  5. Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Wenyi Liu

  6. Institute of Otolaryngology, Clinical Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People’s Republic of China

    Dantong Gu

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  1. Yuxiao Cao
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  2. Wenyi Liu
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  3. Dantong Gu
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Correspondence to Dantong Gu.

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Cao, Y., Liu, W. & Gu, D. A nomogram for predicting overall survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth: a population-based study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 280, 3867–3875 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-023-07971-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-023-07971-5

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