Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Multiparametric analysis of voice following prolonged voice use and voice rest in teachers: evidence from discriminant analysis

  • Laryngology
  • Published:
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Even though recent investigations have used multiparametric protocol, the set of robust parameters in determining the effects of vocal fatigue and voice rest in teachers is not clear. The first objective of the study was to document the impact of prolonged voice use and voice rest on the subjective and objective voice parameters among Indian secondary school teachers. The second objective was to determine the set voice parameters sensitive to vocal changes resulting from continuous voice use and voice rest.

Method

The study included 15 male and 15 female secondary school teachers with a clinically normal voice and no history of voice disorders. Phonation samples were recorded in three different conditions, i.e., condition 1 (before voice use), condition 2 (following voice use), and condition 3 (following voice rest). The vocal Fatigue Index (version 2) was administered before the voice recordings in all three conditions. The objective parameters, namely fundamental frequency, range of fundamental frequency, jitter (%), shimmer (%), harmonic to noise ratio, and smoothened cepstral peak prominence, were extracted.

Results

Results revealed that fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, Harmonic to noise ratio, and smoothened cepstral peak prominence were significantly different across the three conditions. The discriminant analysis revealed that only three parameters classified 98.3% of samples accurately between the three conditions.

Conclusion

Further research on the correlation between the other subjective and the objective parameters of voice after vocal fatigue would provide more penetrating and ample in-depth insights into the assessment and quantification of vocal fatigue.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Titze IR, Lemke J, Montequin D (1997) Populations in the US workforce who rely on voice as a primary tool of trade: a preliminary report. J Voice 11:254–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80002-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Stemple JC, Stanley J, Lee L (1995) Objective measures of voice production in normal subjects following prolonged voice use. J Voice 9:127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80245-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Joshi AA, Mukundan P, Dave VJ et al (2020) Prevalence of voice disorders in indian female secondary school teacher population-a cross sectional study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-020-02160-w

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Colton R, Casper J (1990) Understanding voice problems: A physiological perspective for diagnosis and treatment. Wiliams & Wilkins, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  5. Moghtader M, Soltani M, Mehravar M et al (2020) The relationship between vocal fatigue index and voice handicap index in university professors with and without voice complaint. J Voice 34:809.e1-809.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.01.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Welham NV, Maclagan MA (2003) Vocal fatigue: current knowledge and future directions. J Voice 17:21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00033-X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Gotaas C, Starr CD (1993) Vocal fatigue among teachers. Folia Phoniatr (Basel) 45:120–129. https://doi.org/10.1159/000266237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Solomon NP (2008) Vocal fatigue and its relation to vocal hyperfunction. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 10:254–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Eadie T, Sroka A, Wright DR, Merati A (2011) Does knowledge of medical diagnosis bias auditory-perceptual judgments of dysphonia? J Voice 25:420–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Oates J (2009) Auditory-perceptual evaluation of disordered voice quality. Folia Phoniatr Logop 61:49–56. https://doi.org/10.1159/000200768

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Nanjundeswaran C, Jacobson BH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Verdolini Abbott K (2015) Vocal fatigue index (VFI): development and validation. J Voice 29:433–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Phyland D (2017) The measurement and effects of vocal load in singing performance. how much singing can a singer sing if a singer can sing songs? Perspect ASHA Spec Interes Groups 2:79–88. https://doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig3.79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hirano M (1981) Psycho-acoustic evaluation of voice. Clin Exam voice Disord Hum Commun 81–84

  14. Niebudek-Bogusz E, Fiszer M, Kotylo P, Sliwinska-Kowalska M (2006) Diagnostic value of voice acoustic analysis in assessment of occupational voice pathologies in teachers. Logop Phoniatr Vocol 31:100–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/14015430500295756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Gelfer MP, Andrews ML, Schmidt CP (1991) Effects of prolonged loud reading on selected measures of vocal function in trained and untrained singers. J Voice 5:158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(05)80179-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rantala L, Vilkman E (1999) Relationship between subjective voice complaints and acoustic parameters in female teachers’ voices. J Voice 13:484–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80004-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Vilkman E, Lauri ER, Alku P et al (1999) Effects of prolonged oral reading on F0, SPL, subglottal pressure and amplitude characteristics of glottal flow waveforms. J Voice 13:303–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80036-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hillenbrand J, Cleveland RA, Erickson RL (1994) Acoustic correlates of breathy vocal quality. J Speech Hear Res 37:769–778. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3704.769

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hillenbrand J, Houde RA (1996) Acoustic correlates of breathy vocal quality: dysphonic voices and continuous speech. J Speech, Lang Hear Res 39:311–321. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Narasimhan SV, Vishal K (2017) Spectral measures of hoarseness in persons with hyperfunctional voice disorder. J Voice 31:57–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.03.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Narasimhan S V, Harshan Kumar HS (2015) Cepstral Analysis of Voice in Carnatic Singers. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Frontiers of Research on Speech and Music (FRSM). Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, pp 697–698

  22. Soumya M, Narasimhan SV (2020) Correlation between subjective and objective parameters of voice in elderly male speakers. J Voice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.10.006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Narasimhan SV, Rashmi R (2020) Multiparameter voice assessment in dysphonics: correlation between objective and perceptual parameters. J Voice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.06.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Aishwarya SY, Narasimhan SV (2021) The effect of a prolonged and demanding vocal activity (Divya Prabhandam recitation) on subjective and objective measures of voice among Indian Hindu priests. Speech Lang Hear. https://doi.org/10.1080/2050571X.2021.1888194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Narasimhan SV, Soumya M (2020) Spectral and cepstral measures of vocal fatigue in indian heavy metal vocalists. J Indian Speech Hear Assoc 34:241–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rajasudhakar R, Savithri S (2010) Effects of teaching and voice rest on acoustic voice characteristics of female primary school teachers. J All India Inst Speech Hear 29:198–203

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hammarberg B, Fitzell B, Gauffin T, Sundberg J (1986) Acoustic and perceptual analysis of vocal dysfunction. J Phon 14:533–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Da Silva PT, Master S, Andreoni S et al (2011) Acoustic and long-term average spectrum measures to detect vocal aging in women. J Voice 25:411–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.04.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Heman-Ackah YD, Heuer RJ, Michael DD et al (2003) Cepstral peak prominence: a more reliable measure of dysphonia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 112:324–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wuyts LF, De Bodt MS, Molenberghs G et al (2000) The dysphonia severity index. J Speech Lang Hear Res 43:796–809. https://doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4303.796

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Schlegel P, Kist AM, Semmler M et al (2020) Determination of clinical parameters sensitive to functional voice disorders applying boosted decision stumps. IEEE J Transl Eng Heal Med 8:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2020.2985026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Angsuwarangsee T, Morrison M (2002) Extrinsic laryngeal muscular tension in patients with voice disorders. J voice 16:333–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Boersma P, Weenink D (2019) Praat: doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]

  35. Xue C, Kang J, Hedberg C et al (2019) Dynamically monitoring vocal fatigue and recovery using aerodynamic, acoustic, and subjective self-rating measurements. J Voice 33:809.e11-809.e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.03.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. McCabe DJ, Titze IR (2002) Chant therapy for treating vocal fatigue among public school teachers: a preliminary study. Am J Speech-Lang Pathol 11:356–369. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2002/040)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Titze IR (1999) Toward occupational safety criteria for vocalization. Logop Phoniatr Vocol 24(2):49–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Jiang JJ, Zhang Y, MacCallum J et al (2009) Objective acoustic analysis of pathological voices from patients with vocal nodules and polyps. Folia Phoniatr Logop 61:342–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Herzel H, Berry D, Titze IR, Saleh M (1994) Analysis of vocal disorders with methods from nonlinear dynamics. J Speech Hear Res 37:1008–1019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Teixeira JP, Fernandes PO (2015) Acoustic analysis of vocal dysphonia. Procedia Comput Sci 64:466–473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Yumot E, Gould J, Street E et al (2014) Harmonics to noise ratio as an index of degree of hoarseness. J Acoust Soc Am 71:1544–1550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Heman-Ackah YD, Michael DD, George GS (2002) The relationship between cepstral peak prominence and selected parameters of dysphonia. J Voice 16:20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(02)00067-X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Narasimhan SV, Dhanya S (2020) Cepstral measures of voice in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Asia Pacific J Multidiscip Res 8:81–85

    Google Scholar 

  44. Mahalingam S, Boominathan P, Arunachalam R et al (2020) Cepstral measures to analyze vocal fatigue in individuals with hyperfunctional voice disorder. J Voice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.02.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Giovanni A, Robert D, Estublier N et al (1996) Objective evaluation of dysphonia: preliminary results of a device allowing simultaneous acoustic and aerodynamic measurements. Folia Phoniatr Logop 48:175–185. https://doi.org/10.1159/000266406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The study received no funding, grant or equipment from any source.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Speech and Language Pathology, JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India

    S. V. Narasimhan

  2. JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India

    Bhavana Gowda

Authors
  1. S. V. Narasimhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bhavana Gowda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. V. Narasimhan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest/competing interests to declare.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the institutional ethical standards and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate was obtained from all the participants.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Narasimhan, S.V., Gowda, B. Multiparametric analysis of voice following prolonged voice use and voice rest in teachers: evidence from discriminant analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279, 1397–1404 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-07144-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-07144-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation