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Three-dimensional printing in otolaryngology education: a systematic review

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Abstract

Purpose

The progressive expansion of the technology that facilitates the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing within the field of otorhinolaryngology has opened up a new study front in medicine. The objective of this study is to systematically review scientific publications describing the development of 3D models having applications in otorhinolaryngology, with emphasis on subareas with a large number of publications, as well as the countries in which the publications are concentrated.

Methods

In this literature review, specific criteria were used to search for publications on 3D models. The review considered articles published in English on the development of 3D models to teach otorhinolaryngology. The studies with presurgical purposes or without validation of the task by surgeons were excluded from this review.

Results

This review considered 39 articles published in 10 countries between 2012 and 2021. The works published prior to 2012 were not considered as per the inclusion criteria for the research. Among the 39 simulators selected for review, otology models comprised a total of 15 publications (38%); they were followed by rhinology, with 12 (31%); laryngology, with 8 (21%); and head and neck surgery, with 4 publications (10%).

Conclusion

The use of 3D technology and printing is well established in the context of surgical education and simulation models. The importance of developing new technological tools to enhance 3D printing and the current limitations in obtaining appropriate animal and cadaver models signify the necessity of investing more in 3D models.

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All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Otolaryngology Department, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguir 255 6º, Andar sala 6167, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil

    Marcos Antonio de Souza, Ricardo Ferreira Bento, Paula Tardim Lopes & Denis Melo de Pinto Rangel

  2. Radiology Department, Radiology at DAPI, Catholic Ladies League of Curitiba, Curitiba, Brazil

    Lucas Formighieri

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  1. Marcos Antonio de Souza
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  2. Ricardo Ferreira Bento
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Contributions

RFB and MAdS conceived the idea for this article. MAdS and DdMPR collected relevant data. LF and RFB analyzed the data after discussions with MAdS. MAdS, DdMPR, and PTL drafted the paper.

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Correspondence to Marcos Antonio de Souza.

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de Souza, M.A., Bento, R.F., Lopes, P.T. et al. Three-dimensional printing in otolaryngology education: a systematic review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279, 1709–1719 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-07088-7

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