Abstract
Purpose
The skin tumors can occur on any part of the body, these anatomical subunits are considered prognostic factors for localized carcinomas. Tumor size is a prognostic criterion that also varies according to the anatomical location of these tumors. Head and neck region is the most common location. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of BCC, SCC, and MM in the anatomical subunits of the head and neck region and their relationships with these anatomical subunits.
Materials and methods
Patients who underwent surgery for BCC, SCC, BSCC and/or MM in the head and neck region. The head and neck region was divided topographically into the following subunits: scalp, forehead, orbital region, ear and periauricular region, cheeks, nose, perioral region, and neck. Patients were analyzed according to age, sex, and tumor location, type, and size.
Results
The SCC group was found to have significantly larger mean tumor size than the BCC group (p = 0.003). SCC was more frequently located in the perioral region (p = 0.001), BCC was more frequently located on the nose (p = 0.001), and MM was more frequently located on the forehead and scalp (p = 0.034, p = 0.49) when compared with the other types. BCC was more frequently located in the orbital region than SCC (p = 0.018)
Conclusions
In this study, we observed statistically significant differences in the distribution of BCC, SCC, and MM, the most common types of skin cancer, among the topographical subunits of the head and neck region.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jemal A, Saraiya M, Patel P et al (2011) Recent trends in cutaneous melanoma incidence and death rates in the United States, 1992–2006. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:S17-25.e1–3
Netscher DT, Spira M (2004) Basal cell carcinoma: an overview of tumor biology and treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 113:74e–94e
Kim HS, Cho EA, Bae JM et al (2010) Recent trend in the incidence of premalignant and malignant skin lesions in Korea between 1991 and 2006. J Korean Med Sci 25:924–929
Kang KW, Lee DL, Shin HK et al (2016) A retrospective clinical view of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region: A single institution’sexperience of 247 cases over 19 years. Arch Craniofac Surg 17(2):56–62. https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2016.17.2.56.21
Garbe C, Büttner P, Bertz J et al (1995) Primary cutaneous melanoma prognostic classification of anatomic location. Cancer 752492–8:49
Schmults CD, Karia PS, Carter JB et al (2013) Factors predictive of recurrence and death from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a 10-year, single-institution cohort study. JAMA Dermatol 149(5):541–547. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2139
Rogers-Vizena CR, Lalonde DH, Menick FJ et al (2015) Surgical treatment and reconstruction of nonmelanoma facial skin cancers. Plast Reconstr Surg 135(5):895e–908e
Paolino G, Cardone M, Didona D et al (2020) Prognostic factors in head and neck melanoma according to facial aesthetic units. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 155(1):41–45
Jung YH, Kim SS (1982) A clinical study in malignant skin tumors. J Korean Soc Plast Reconstr Surg 9:377–388
Urbach F. Potential effects on humans of alteration of the stratospheric ozone layer. A critical review of the report of the committee on impacts of stratospheric change of the National Academy of Sciences entitled: Protection against depletion of stratospheric ozone by chlorofluorocarbons. Washington, DC preprint.
Pearl DK, Scottt EL (1986) The anatomical distribution of skin cancers. Int J Epidemiol 15:502–506
Larson DL, Larson JD (2010) Head and neck melanoma. Clin Plastic Surg 37(1):73–77
Clark LN, Shin DB, Troxel AB et al (2007) Association between the anatomic distribution of melanoma and sex. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(5):768–773
Youl PH, Janda M, Aitken JF et al (2011) Body-site distribution of skin cancer, pre-malignant and common benign pigmented lesions excised in general practice. Br J Dermatol 165(1):35–43
Choi JH, Kim YJ, Kim H et al (2013) Distribution of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma by facial esthetic unit. Arch Plast Surg 40(4):387–391
Derebaşınlıoğlu H, Özkaya KN, Parlak BA (2016) Evaluation of the cases who were referred to plastic surgery clinic out of suspicion of non-melanoma skin cancer localized at head and neck region in sivas numune hospital turkiye klinikleri. J Dermatol 26(2):81–89
Kim YP, Chun IK, Lee HH (1978) A 10 year period (1968–1977) of clinical observation of cutaneous malignant tumors. Korean J Dermatol. 16:19–29
Pearl DK, Scott EL (1986) The anatomical distribution of skin cancers. Int J Epidemiol 15:502–506
Ettl T, Irga S, Müller S et al (2014) Value of anatomic site, histology and clinicopathological parameters for prediction of lymph node metastasis and overall survival in head and neck melanomas. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 42(5):e252–e258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2013.09.007 (Epub 2013 Oct 7 PMID: 2421612)
Bulliard JL, De Weck D, Fisch T et al (2007) Detailed site distribution of melanoma and sunlight exposure: aetiological patterns from a Swiss series. Ann Oncol 18(4):789–794. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdl490 (Epub 2007 Jan 20 PMID: 17237475)
Tardy Jr ME, Brown RJ. (1990) Surgical anatomy of the nose. New York: Raven Press,: 1–37
Hiroto T, Sotaro K, Hiroyuki H, et al (2002) Adequate depth of excision for basal cell carcinoma of the nose. Ann Plast Surg 48(2):214–216
Sugg KB, Cederna PS, Brown DL (2013) The V-Y advancement flap ıs equivalent to the mustarde´ flap for ectropion prevention in the reconstruction of moderate-size lid-cheek junction defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 131(1):28e–36e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182729e22
Brantsch KD, Meisner C, Schönfisch B et al (2008) Analysis of risk factors determining prognosis of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma: a prospective studyLancet. Oncol 9:713–720
Cherpeli BS, MarcusenC LPG (2002) Prognostic factors for metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Dermatol Surg 28(3):268–273. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.01169.x
Funding
No financial assistance was received.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Author declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethics approval
Approval was obtained from Cumhuriyet University Ethics Committee (No:2021–02/11, Date: 10.02.2021).
Consent for publication
This is a retrospective study. Consent for publication is not required.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Derebaşınlıoğlu, H. Distribution of skin cancers of the head and neck according to anatomical subunit. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279, 1461–1466 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06901-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06901-7