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Tympanosclerosis and atherosclerosis plaques: a comparative analytical study on some new microbiological and immunohistochemical aspects

  • Otology
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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare chemical contents, expression of BMP-8a, and the presence of Mycoplasma and ExoS-ExoU exotoxins producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tympanosclerosis (TS) and atherosclerosis (AS) plaques.

Methods

Thirty-six cases with TS and AS plaques (18 each) were selected and examined for chemical, immunohistochemical, and microbial analysis. SPSS ver. 21 and t test analysis were used for comparing the findings, and the level of significance was considered as p < 0.05.

Results

TS plaques showed lower carbon, higher calcium, and phosphorous contents compared to AS plaques (p value < 0.05). Chlorine was detected in AS plaques (1.8 w%) which could probably be due to the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in atherosclerotic artery. Contrary to spherical shape of the surface of TS plaques, AS plaques were needle shaped. BMP-8a expression in TS plaques (59.5%) was significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) than AS plaques (20%). Of the 18 TS specimens, 12, 14, and 3 were positive for ExoS, ExoU Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycoplasma genes, respectively, while of the 18 AS specimens, 2, 2, and 3 were positive for ExoS, ExoU Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycoplasma genes, respectively.

Conclusion

TS plaques are different from AS plaques in terms of elemental components, surface morphology, and BMP-8a expression. Therefore, different calcification process and pathogenesis may be responsible for these two diseases. The results of our study showed that both TS and AS plaques have genetic footprint of Mycoplasma, but the level of calcium concentration-dependent exotoxins genes was found only in TS plaques.

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Funding

The project was supported by deputy of research and technology of Guilan University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Shadman Nemati, Alia Saberi & Ali Faghih Habibi

  2. Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Hossein Hemmati

  3. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Reza Jafari-Shakib

  4. Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Reza Jafari-Shakib & Elahe Bozorgzadeh

  5. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Mojtaba Hedayati Ch

  6. Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Elahe Bozorgzadeh

Authors
  1. Shadman Nemati
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  2. Alia Saberi
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  3. Ali Faghih Habibi
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  4. Hossein Hemmati
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  5. Reza Jafari-Shakib
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  6. Mojtaba Hedayati Ch
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  7. Elahe Bozorgzadeh
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Contributions

Shadman Nemati: designed and supervised the research, performed the surgery and provided tympanosclerosis plaques, analyzed data, and co-wrote the paper. Alia Saberi: analyzed data, contributed to the interpretation of the results, and co-wrote the paper. Ali Faghih Habibi: performed surgery and provided tympanosclerosis plaques. Hossein Hemmati: performed surgery and provided atherosclerosis plaques. Reza Jafari Shakib: performed experiments, analyzed data, and co-wrote the paper. Mojtaba Hedayati Ch: performed experiments, analyzed data, and co-wrote the paper. Elahe Bozorgzadeh: designed and supervised the research, performed experiments, analyzed data, and co-wrote the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elahe Bozorgzadeh.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Nemati, S., Saberi, A., Faghih Habibi, A. et al. Tympanosclerosis and atherosclerosis plaques: a comparative analytical study on some new microbiological and immunohistochemical aspects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 278, 3743–3752 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06451-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06451-4

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