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Cripto-1 is overexpressed in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland

  • Head and Neck
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European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Cripto-1 is a member of the epidermal growth factor—Cripto-1/FRL-1/Cryptic family. Besides being critical for early embryonic development, Cripto-1 is also associated with the development and behavior of several cancers. Objective: We analyzed the immunoexpression of Cripto-1 in normal salivary glands (NSGs), pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomas (CaExPAs) of salivary glands.

Methods

A total of 12 NSGs, 16 PAs and 12 CaExPAs underwent immunohistochemical study by the polymeric biotin-free technique. Immunopositive cells were evaluated semiquantitatively (scores 0–3). For statistical analysis, Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was established.

Results

Most CaExPAs (n = 10) were strong positive (score 3) for Cripto-1, and only three cases of PAs and two specimens of NSGs exhibited some expression (score 1), being statistically significant these findings (p < 0.001). No difference between the expression of this protein in tumors of major and minor salivary glands was observed. Overexpression was found mainly in cases of CaExPAs with invasive growth (n = 8) when compared to those without capsular invasion (intracapsular pattern) (p = 0.036). Patients with or without lymph node metastasis showed no difference (p = 0.294).

Conclusion

The results revealed a significantly higher expression of Cripto-1 in CaExPA compared to PA and NSG, suggesting this protein is possibly deregulated in PA malignant transformation. Furthermore, the increased expression of this protein is associated with a more aggressive behavior (invasive growth) in salivary gland tumors.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil

    Leorik Pereira Silva, Luiz Arthur Barbosa da Silva, Joabe dos Santos Pereira, Lélia Batista de Souza & Márcia Cristina da Costa Miguel

  2. Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Bruno Tavares Sedassari & Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa

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  1. Leorik Pereira Silva
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  2. Luiz Arthur Barbosa da Silva
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Correspondence to Leorik Pereira Silva.

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Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study involving the patient were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The approval of the local ethics committee is present in the methods section in this article.

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Informed consent was obtained from the patients in this study.

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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Silva, L.P., da Silva, L.A.B., Sedassari, B.T. et al. Cripto-1 is overexpressed in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 275, 1595–1600 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-018-4960-1

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