Calculating annoyance: an option to proof efficacy in ENT treatment of snoring?

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology volume 273, pages4607–4613(2016)Cite this article

Abstract

To develop and validate an objective method for calculating the annoyance caused by snoring sounds. 53 subjects assessed 50 different snoring and breath sounds on a visual analog scale for level of annoyance. A linear regression analysis was used to correlate these subjective assessments with objectively calculated psychoacoustic parameters (loudness, roughness, sharpness, and fluctuation strength, calculating the maximum, mean, and 5th percentile in each case). The quality of the resulting formula was checked, and additional validation was performed using subjective assessments of 60 new snoring and breath sounds by 52 new subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to scale the annoyance ranges obtained with the formula. A score consisting of the 5th percentile of loudness and the mean of roughness was developed. The formula displays high goodness of fit (R 2 = 0.91) and quality. In the validation phase, a highly significant correlation (r s = 0.95; p < 0.01) was obtained between the scores calculated with the formula and the subjective assessments. ROC analysis was able to define the annoyance ranges with a discriminatory power between 52 and 73 % (optimum sensitivity/specificity). The subjective assessments made by the participants were distinctly scaled and were reflected in a psychophysical algorithm. In the setting of polygraphy and polysomnography, this means that a reliable annoyance score that is not dependent on the bed partner can be obtained to establish the indication for anti-snoring treatments and to review their utility.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Eric Siegel for programming the software for sound sequence playback and to the many subjects who participated in the study.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany

    René Fischer, Thomas S. Kuehnel & Christian Rohrmeier

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Center for Education, University of Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany

    Anne-Kathrin Merz

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany

    Tobias Ettl

  4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, Thiemstrasse 111, 03048, Cottbus, Germany

    Michael Herzog

Authors
  1. René Fischer
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  2. Thomas S. Kuehnel
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  3. Anne-Kathrin Merz
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  4. Tobias Ettl
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  5. Michael Herzog
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  6. Christian Rohrmeier
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Correspondence to René Fischer.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Fischer, R., Kuehnel, T.S., Merz, AK. et al. Calculating annoyance: an option to proof efficacy in ENT treatment of snoring?. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 273, 4607–4613 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-016-4160-9

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Keywords

  • Snoring
  • Assessment
  • Objective
  • Annoyance
  • Psychoacoustics