Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Interleukin 5, IL6, IL12, IFN-γ, RANTES and Fractalkine in human nasal polyps, turbinate mucosa and serum

  • Rhinology
  • Published:
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Polyps are considered to develop as an end result of an inflammatory process. Cytokines and chemokines in the respiratory mucosa may be a key to polyp pathophysiology. The main objective was to identify IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, RANTES, IFN-γ and Fractalkine in humans on the protein level in nasal polyps and mucosa from the inferior turbinate (IT). Furthermore, the cytokines and chemokines RANTES and Fractalkine were analyzed in plasma. Tissue homogenates and plasma from 13 patients were analyzed by the ELISA technique. All the patients had longstanding nasal/paranasal polyposis. Fractalkine was detected in polyps and IT in two different patients. IL-5 was expressed in polyps and IT. IL-6 was expressed in all patients with a higher level in polyps than IT. IL-12 was present in plasma, polyps and IT, though at an increased level in polyps. RANTES was present at a higher level in plasma than in polyps and IT. IFN-γ was detectable in polyps and IT. Fractalkine is detected in nasal polyps, which is a new observation. The overall results indicate a mixed TH1/TH2 cytokine profile in nasal polyps. RANTES and IL-12 are strongly present in plasma, suggesting an ongoing inflammatory “drive”. IL-6 and IL-12 are up-regulated in polyps versus the IT. Up-regulation of IL-6 may be explained by increased fibroblast activity dependant on an ongoing local inflammation possibly initiated by an infection. IL-5, RANTES and IFN-γ are equally represented in polyps and IT, indicating equilibrium between the nasal polyps and surrounding tissue, and that an up-regulation of cytokines in the polyp indicates a potential for polyp growth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bachert C, Gevaert P (1999) Effect of intranasal corticosteroids on release of cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Allergy [Suppl] 54:23

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bachert C, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Cuvelier C, van Cauwenberge P (2000) Nasal polyposis: from cytokines to growth. Am J Rhinol 14:279–290

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bernstein JM (2001) The molecular biology of nasal polyposis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 1:262–267

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bachert C, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, van Cauwenberge P (2002) Mediators in nasal polyposis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2:481–487

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Davidsson Å, Danielsen A, Viale G, Olofsson J, Dell’Orto P, Pellegrini C (1996) Positive identification in situ of mRNA expression of IL-6, and IL-12, and the chemotactic cytokine RANTES in patients with chronic sinusitis and polypoid disease. Clinical relevance and relation to allergy. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 116:604–610

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bachert C, Wagenmann M, Hauser U, Rudack C (1997) IL-5 synthesis is upregulated in human nasal polyp tissue. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99:42

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hamilos DL, Leung DY, Huston DP, Kamil A, Wood R, Hamid Q (1998) GM-CSF, IL-5 and RANTES immunoreactivity and mRNA expression in chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (NP). Clin Exp Allergy 28:1145–1152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lee CH, Lee KS, Rhee CS, Lee SO, Min YG (1999) Distribution of Rantes and interleukin-5 in allergic nasal mucosa and nasal polyps. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 108:594–598

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Rudack C, Bachert C (1999) Cytokines and chemokines in paranasal sinus diseases (German). Laryngorhinootologie 78:481–490

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Lee CH, Rhee CS, Min YG (1998) Cytokine gene expression in nasal polyps. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 107:665–670

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Dellacono FR, Eisma R, Lafreniere D, Leonard G, Kreutzer D (1997) Interferon gamma expression in human nasal polyps. Laryngoscope 107:626–630

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Miller CH, Pudiak DR, Hatem F, Looney RJ (1994) Accumulation of interferon gamma-producing TH1 helper T cells in nasal polyps. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 111:51–58

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ancuta P, Rao R, Moses A, Mehle A, Shaw SK, Luscinskas FW (2003) Fractalkine preferentially mediates arrest and migration of CD16+ monocytes. J Exp Med 197:1701–1707

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hughes PM, Botham MS, Frentzel S, Mir A, Perry VH (2002) Expression of fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1, during acute and chronic inflammation in the rodent CNS. GLIA 37:314–327

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bachert C, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Johansson SGO, van Cauwenberge P (2001) Total and specific IgE in nasal polyps is related to local eosinophilic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107:607–614

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bachert C, Van Cauwenberge PB (1997) Inflammatory mechanisms in chronic sinusitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 51:209–217

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu CM, Hong CY, Shun CT, Hsiao TY, Wang CC, Wang JS (2002) Inducible cyclooxygenase and interleukin 6 gene expressions in nasal polyp fibroblasts: possible implication in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128:945–951

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hamilos DL, Leung DY, Wood R, Bean DK, Song YL, Schotman E (1996) Eosinophil infiltration in nonallergic chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CHS/NP) is associated with endothelial VCAM-1 upregulation and expression of TNF-alpha. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 15:443–450

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Matsukura S, Kokubu F, Kubo H, Tomita T, Tokunaga H, Kadokura M (1998) Expression of RANTES by normal airway epithelial cells after influenza virus A infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 18:255–264

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Maune S, Berner I, Sticherling M, Kulke R, Bartels J, Schroder JM (1996) Fibroblasts but not epithelial cells obtained from human nasal mucosa produce the chemokine RANTES. Rhinology 34:210–214

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nonaka M, Pawankar R, Saji F, Yagi T (1999) Distinct expression of RANTES and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide in human nasal fibroblasts but not in other airway fibroblasts. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 119:314–321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pawankar R (2003) Nasal polyposis: an update: editorial review. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 3:1–6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Li H, Xu G, Li Y, Xie M, Zhang G (2001) Expression of Th1, Th2-typed cytokines and its significance in nasal polyps (Chinese). Lin Chuang Erh Pi Yen Hou Ko Tsa Chih J Clin Otorhinolaryngol 15:51–52

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge Professor Roland Jonsson, Broegelmann Research Labaratory, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, for valuable advice and support and Kjell-Arild Danielsen, The Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, for developing the statistical analysis and introducing the Reference Manager in the preparation of the references.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Axess Medical Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    Arild Danielsen

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Örebro, Örebro, Sweden

    Åke Davidsson

  3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

    Arild Danielsen, Jan Olofsson & Åke Davidsson

  4. Broegelmann Research Laboratory, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Arild Danielsen, Turid Tynning, Karl A. Brokstad & Åke Davidsson

Authors
  1. Arild Danielsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Turid Tynning
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Karl A. Brokstad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jan Olofsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Åke Davidsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arild Danielsen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Danielsen, A., Tynning, T., Brokstad, K.A. et al. Interleukin 5, IL6, IL12, IFN-γ, RANTES and Fractalkine in human nasal polyps, turbinate mucosa and serum. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 263, 282–289 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-005-1031-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-005-1031-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation