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Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and its association with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes: a retrospective analysis

  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Published:
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).

Methods

Patients who gave birth in our hospital between January 2018 and March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed from the hospital database and patient file records. The study comprised 1686 patients, 54 in the ICP group and 1632 controls. Patients who had ICP after 20 weeks of gestation and were monitored and delivered at our facility were enrolled. Maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics data were examined. Perinatal outcomes were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine adverse maternal outcomes.

Results

The mean age was 29 years. ART, GDM, and preeclampsia were significantly higher in the ICP group. The mean serum bile acid level was 19.3 ± 3 μmol/L in the ICP group. There was a higher risk of GDM and pre-eclampsia in women with ICP compared with those without and a significant association between ICP and adverse perinatal outcomes. There was a statistically significant relation between the presence of ICP and spontaneous preterm delivery, iatrogenic preterm delivery, 5th-minute Apgar scores < 7, and NICU requirement. No significant relationship was found between the presence of ICP and SGA and meconium. There was a significant relationship between the presence of ICP, mode of delivery, and PPH (p < 0.05). Those with ICP had a lower gestational week and birth weight, and higher rates of cesarean delivery and PPH.

Conclusion

ICP should prompt close monitoring and management to mitigate the potential exacerbation of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia, GDM, and preterm birth.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request. The raw data and materials used in this research can be obtained from the corresponding author upon request.

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Funding

The authors declare no funding was received.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Izmir Demokrasi University, Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey

    Huseyin Aytug Avsar, Can Ata & Selcuk Erkılınc

  2. Private Karataş Hospital, Izmir, Turkey

    Ufuk Atlıhan

Authors
  1. Huseyin Aytug Avsar
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  2. Ufuk Atlıhan
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  3. Can Ata
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  4. Selcuk Erkılınc
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Contributions

Ata Can: Data collection or management, Data analysis, Manuscript writing/editing. Atlihan Ufuk: Data collection or management, Data analysis, Manuscript writing/editing. Avsar Huseyin Aytug: Protocol/project development, Data collection or management, Data analysis, Manuscript writing/editing. Erkilinc Selcuk: Protocol/project development, Manuscript writing/editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Can Ata.

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The authors declare no confict of interest.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the ‘Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Training and Research Hospital’ on August 23, 2023, with the protocol number 2023/8–156.

Informed consent

A separate declaration of informed consent of the patients in this retrospective hospital data collection was waived. There were no minors included in the study.

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Avsar, H.A., Atlıhan, U., Ata, C. et al. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and its association with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes: a retrospective analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-024-07507-0

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