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Independent risk factors for high-risk human papillomavirus infection among rural women in Shanxi Province, China: a population-based, case–control study

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Published:
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is associated with most cervical cancers. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of and independent risk factors for hrHPV infection among women residing in rural areas of Shanxi Province, China.

Methods

Data from the records of the cervical cancer screening programs for rural women in Shanxi Province were retrospectively collected. Women receiving primary HPV screening between January 2014 and December 2019 were included. The detection rate of hrHPV was calculated, and the independent risk factors for hrHPV infection were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Among the women included, the overall infection rate of hrHPV was 14.01% (15,605/111,353), with the top five subtypes being HPV16 (24.79%), HPV52 (14.04%), HPV58 (10.26%), HPV18 (7.25%), and HPV53 (5.00%). The independent risk factors for hrHPV infection were specific geographical regions, testing years, older age, lower education level, inadequate previous screening, bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginitis, and cervical polyps.

Conclusion

Rural women over 40 years of age, especially those who had never received screening, have a significantly increased risk for hrHPV infection and should be the target population with priority in cervical cancer screening.

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Date-sharing statement

The datasets generated during the current study are not publicly available yet, due to privacy concerns and ongoing additional research. Data can be made available for peer review on reasonable request through contacting the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

hrHPV:

High-risk human papillomavirus

ACS:

American Cancer Society

OR:

Odds ratio

CI:

Confidence interval

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Acknowledgements

We thank the National Natural Science Foundation Commission of China for their generous support. We also thank all the data collectors, without whom this project would not have been possible.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072891) and Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital (2021009).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Ru Shi, Wenjuan Qi have contributed equally to this article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Hospital, Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, 13 Xinmin North Street, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China

    Ru Shi, Jing Cai, Min Zhao & Zehua Wang

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China

    Wenjuan Qi, Jing Cai & Zehua Wang

Authors
  1. Ru Shi
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Contributions

RS and JC conceived and designed the study, having full access to all of the data in the study and taking responsibility for the content of the manuscript. RS and WJQ analyzed the data, took responsibility for the accuracy of the data analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript.ZHW and MZ reviewed the paper. RS, WJQ, JC, ZHW, and MZ contributed to the interpretation of the dataand clinical inputs. All authors were involved in the revision of themanuscript for important intellectual content and approved the final version to be published.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Min Zhao or Zehua Wang.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethics approval

This study was conducted with approval from the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital.

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Shi, R., Qi, W., Cai, J. et al. Independent risk factors for high-risk human papillomavirus infection among rural women in Shanxi Province, China: a population-based, case–control study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 308, 551–559 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-023-06959-0

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