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Altered growth trajectory in children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia

  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Published:
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia are leading causes of mortality and morbidity in mothers and children. High childhood body mass index (BMI) is among their myriad of negative outcomes. However, little is known about the trajectory of the child BMI exposed to GDM and co-occurring preeclampsia from early to mid-childhood. This study examined the independent and joint impact of GDM and preeclampsia on childhood BMI trajectory.

Methods

A population-based sample of 356 mothers were recruited from OB/GYN clinics in New York. Their children were then followed annually from 18 to 72 months. Maternal GDM and preeclampsia status were obtained from medical records. Child BMI was calculated based on their height and weight at annual visits.

Results

Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to evaluate the trajectories of child BMI exposed to GDM and preeclampsia. BMI trajectory by GDM decreased (t ratio = − 2.24, \(\beta =\)0.45, 95% CI − 0.05–0.95, p = 0.07), but the trajectory by preeclampsia increased over time (t ratio = 3.153,\(\beta =\)0.65, 95% CI 0.11–1.18, p = 0.002). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the two (t ratio = −2.24, \(\beta =\)− 1.244, 95% CI 0.15–2.33, p = 0.02), such that the BMI of children born to mothers with both GDM and preeclampsia showed consistent increases over time.

Conclusions

GDM and preeclampsia could be used as a marker for childhood obesity risk and the identification of a high-risk group, providing potential early intervention. These findings highlight the importance of managing obstetric complications, as an effective method of child obesity prevention.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the families for their participation, the Stress in Pregnancy laboratory staff at Queens College CUNY (especially Jackie Finik, Westar Zong, and Victoria Kuo), and the staff at the prenatal clinics and OB/GYN departments of Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and New York Presbyterian-Queens Hospital. This research work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health under award number R01MH102729 and the Professional Staff Congress City University of New York grant to Y Nomura. The content of the manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health under award number R01MH102729 and the Professional Staff Congress City University of New York grant to Y Nomura.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA

    Sheow Yun Sie & Yoko Nomura

  2. Department of Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA

    Yonglin Huang, Karen Go & Yoko Nomura

  3. Department of Psychology, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ, USA

    Wei Zhang

  4. Research Center for Child Mental Development and United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan

    Kenji J. Tsuchiya

  5. Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Jianzhong Hu

  6. Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Jianzhong Hu

  7. Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, NY, USA

    Daniel W. Skupski

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  1. Yonglin Huang
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. The first draft of the manuscript was written by 310 Yong Lin Huang and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and 311 approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoko Nomura.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research board committee of the City University of New York and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Huang, Y., Zhang, W., Go, K. et al. Altered growth trajectory in children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 301, 151–159 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-020-05436-2

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