Abstract
Objectives
This study was designed to evaluate the role of hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy in women with unexplained infertility.
Patients and methods
Women with unexplained infertility were included in this prospective study, evaluated with transvaginal sonography and diagnostic hysteroscopy. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed between the 7th and 11th day of the cycle. The criteria for hysteroscopic findings were based on the cervical canal, uterine cavity, endometrium, visualization of the ostium tubae and lesions of the utero-tubal junction. After the hysteroscopic examination, endometrial biopsy was performed using a Pipelle® endometrial suction curette. Patients were classified according to the hysteroscopy results into four groups: patients with no abnormality detected (14), patients with cervical abnormalities (six), patients with endometrial abnormalities (73) and patients with uterine abnormalities (seven).
Results
One hundred women with unexplained infertility were included. All patients underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy, except for seven patients: six patients had stenotic external or internal cervical ostium and one had inadequate visualization as the uterine cavity was filled with blood. Based on hysteroscopic findings, 31 patients were finally diagnosed with endometrial polyps; 14 endometritis; 15 endometrial hyperplasia; six submucous myomas; seven intrauterine synechiae (73 cases = endometrial abnormalities group); seven congenital uterine anomalies (uterine abnormalities group), six cervical stenosis (cervical abnormalities group) and 14 women without any uterine abnormalities (no abnormalities group). Analysis of samples obtained using the Pipelle® endometrial suction curette was non-diagnostic in 16 cases; the most common endometrial pathological feature detected by this analysis was endometritis (15 %).
Conclusions
Routine hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy should be used as a basic part of the work-up for women with unexplained infertility.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- E2:
-
Estradiol
- EB:
-
Endometrial biopsy
- ET:
-
Embryo transfer
- HSG:
-
Hysterosalpingography
- IVF:
-
In vitro fertilization
- TVS:
-
Transvaginal sonography
References
Kumar S, Awasthi RT, Gokhale N (2003) Assessment of uterine factor in infertile women: hysterosalpingography vs hysteroscopy. MJAFI 60:34–39
Aboulghar M, Mansour R, Serour G, Al-lnany H (2003) Diagnosis and management of unexplained infertility: an update. Arch Gynecol Obstet 267:177–188
Abdelazim IA, Elezz AA (2012) Complementary roles of hysteroscopy and saline infusion hysterosonography in uterine cavity assessment before in vitro fertilization. Asian Pac J Reprod 1(1):13–16
Roma Dalfo A, Ubeda B, Ubeda A et al (2004) Diagnostic value of hysterosalpingography in the detection of intrauterine abnormalities: a comparison with hysteroscopy. Am J Roentgenol 183:1405–1409
Campo CR, Molinas L, Rombauts G et al (2005) Prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial to evaluate factors influencing the success rate of office diagnostic hysteroscopy. Hum Reprod 20:258–263
World Health Organization (1999) WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and semen—cervical mucus interaction, 4th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Mitwally MFM, Casper RF (2003) Aromatase inhibition reduces gonadotrophin dose required for controlled ovarian stimulation in women with unexplained infertility. Hum Reprod 18:1588–1597
Garuti G, Cellani F, Garzia D, Colonnelli M, Luerti M (2005) Accuracy of hysteroscopic diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia: a retrospective study of 323 patients. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 12(3):247–253
Valle RF, Sciarra JJ (1988) Intrauterine adhesions: hysteroscopic diagnosis, classification, treatment, and reproductive outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158:1459–1470
Abdelazim IA, Aboelezz A, AbdulKareem AF (2013) Pipelle endometrial sampling versus conventional dilatation and curettage in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. J Turkish Ger Gynecol Assoc 14:1–5
Gebauer G, Hafner A, Siebzehnrubl E et al (2001) Role of hysteroscopy in detection and extraction of endometrial polyps: results of a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184:59–63
Garuti G, Sambruni I, Colonnelli M, Luerti M (2001) Accuracy of hysteroscopy in predicting histopathology of endometrium in 1500 women. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8:207–221
Hauge K, Flo K, Riedhart M et al (2000) Can ultrasound-based investigations replace laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in infertility? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 92:167–170
La Sala GB, Montanari R, Dessanti L, Cigarini C, Sartori F (1998) The role of diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy in assisted reproductive technologies. Fertil Steril 70:378–380
Oliveria FG, Abdelmassih VG, Diamond MP, Dozortsev D, Nagy ZP, Abdelmassih R (2003) Uterine cavity findings and hysteroscopic interventions in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer who repeatedly cannot conceive. Fertil Steril 80:1371–1375
Makris N, Xygakis A, Michalas S, Dachlythras M, Prevedourakis C (1999) Day clinic diagnostic hysteroscopy in a state hospital. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 26:91–92
Arefi S, Soltanghoraee H, Zarnani AH, Tabaei AS, Novin MG, Zeraati H, Ebadi P (2008) Repeated IVF/ICSI-ETs failures and impact of hysteroscopy. Iran J Reprod Med 6:19–24
Dickey RP, Olar TT, Taylor SN, Curole DN, Rye PH (1992) Relationship of follicle number and other factors to fecundability and multiple pregnancy in clomiphene citrate-induced intrauterine insemination cycles. Fertil Steril 57:613–619
Margalioth EJ, Ben-Chetrit A, Gal M, Eldar-Geva T (2006) Investigation and treatment of repeated implantation failure following IVF-ET. Hum Reprod 21:3036–3043
Chapman R, Chapman K (1996) The value of two stages laser treatment for severe asherman’s syndrome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 103:1256–1258
Altaras MM, Aviram R, Cohen I, Markov S, Goldberg GL, Beyth Y (1993) Microhysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy results following failed diagnostic dilatation and curettage in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 42:255–260
Loffer FD (1989) Hysteroscopy with selected endometrial sampling compared with D&C for abnormal bleeding: the value of a negative hysteroscopic view. Obstet Gynecol 73:16–20
Conflict of interest
None
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Makled, A.K., Farghali, M.M. & Shenouda, D.S. Role of hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy in women with unexplained infertility. Arch Gynecol Obstet 289, 187–192 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2931-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2931-8