Abstract
Introduction
Diabetes and pregnancy can be associated in two ways: pregnancy that occurs in women who are already diabetic (diabetes of pre-gestational origin); and diabetes that occur in women who are already pregnant [gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (O’sullivan 1961)]. Patients with previous GDM history have higher risk of developing diabetes outside of pregnancy. Accumulating literature had suggested that adiponectin plays a role in the pathophysiology of this metabolic syndrome, and several of the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in adiponectin gene have been identified in type 2 diabetes. Thus, one of the commonly found SNP was studied to determine its association with GDM.
Objective
To identify the association of SNP45TG with GDM.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study involving pregnant mothers of <18 gestational weeks, who were recruited from three local antenatal clinics in Selangor, Malaysia. Their genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA treated whole blood using commercialized kit. Adiponectin gene was amplified through conventional PCR and SNP was detected using restriction enzyme SmaI. Plasma adiponectin level, fructosamine level and HbA1c percentage were also examined.
Results
Among the 79 antenatal patients recruited, 53 patients were normal and 26 were diagnosed with GDM. Among the 53 normal patients, 18 carry TG/GG genotype. Meanwhile, among the 26 patients that were diagnosed with GDM 15 carry TG/GG genotype. Significant association was found between SNP45TG with GDM ( χ2 = 4.038; P < 0.05). In addition, normal patients with TT genotype have significantly higher plasma adiponectin level compared to other groups.
Conclusion
We concluded that SNP45TG in adiponectin gene is associated with the occurrence of GDM.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ferrara A, Kahn HS, Quesenberry CP, Riley C, Hedderson MM (2004) An increase in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: Northern California, 1991–2000. Obstet Gynecol 103:526–533
Dabelea D, Snell-Bergeon JK, Hartsfield CL, Bischoff KJ, Hamman RF, McDuffie RS (2005) Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) over time and by birth cohort: Kaiser Permanente of Colorado GDM Screening Program. Diabetes Care 28:579–584
Ryo M, Nakamura T, Kihara S, Kumada M, Shibazaki S, Takahashi M, Nagai M, Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T (2004) Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. Circ J 68:975–981
Hotta K, Funahashi T, Bodkin NL et al (2001) Circulating concentrations of the adipocyte protein adiponectin are decreased in parallel with reduced insulin sensitivity during the progression to type 2 diabetes in rhesus monkeys. Diabetes 50(5):1126–1133
Berg AH, Combs TP, Du X, Brownlee M, Scherer PE (2001) The adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action. Nat Med 7:947–953
Hotta K, Funahashi T, Arita Y, Takahashi M, Matsuda M, Okamoto Y et al (2000) Plasma concentrations of a novel adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in type 2 diabetic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20:1595–1599
Lindsay RS, Funahashi T, Hanson RL, Matsuzawa Y, Tanaka S, Tataranni PA et al (2002) Adiponectin and development of type 2 diabetes in the Pima Indian population. Lancet 360:57–58
Hara K, Boutin P, Mori Y, Tobe K, Dina C, Yasuda K et al (2002) Genetic variation in the gene encoding adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population. Diabetes 51:536–540
Menzaghi C, Ercolino T, Di Paola R, Berg AH, Warram JH, Scherer PE et al (2002) A haplotype at the adiponectin locus is associated with obesity and other features of the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes 51:2306–2312
Li LL, Kang XL, Ran XJ, Wang Y, Wang CH, Huang L, Ren J, Luo X, Mao XM (2007) Association between 45T/G polymorphism of the adiponectin gene and plasma adiponectin levels with type 2 diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 34:1287–1290
Stumvoll M, Tschritter O, Fritsche A, Staiger H, Renn W, Weisser M, Machicao F, Haring H (2002) Association of the T-G Polymorphism in adiponectin (Exon 2) with obesity and insulin sensitivity interaction with family history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51:37–41
Farrell PM, Engle MJ, Frantz ID et al (1982) Complications of pregnancy and fetal development. Diabetes 31:89–94
Kousseff BG, Ohashi K, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Funahashi T et al (1999) Gestational diabetes mellitus (class A): a human teratogen? Am J Med Genet 83:402–408
Williams MA, Qiu CF, Muy-Rivera M, Vadachkoria S, Song T, Luthy DA (2004) Plasma adiponectin concentrations in early pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(5):2306–2311
Spranger J, Kroke A, Mohlig M, Bergmann MM, Ristow M, Boeing H, Pfeiffer AFH (2003) Adiponectin and protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 361:226–228
Lain Kristine Y, Daftary Ashi R, Ness Roberta B, Roberts James M (2008) First trimester adipocytokines concentrations and risk of developing gestational diabetes later in pregnancy. Clin Endocrinol 69(3):407–411
Retnakaran R, Hanley AJG, Raif N, Hirning CR, Connelly PW, Sermer M, Kahn SE, Zinman B (2005) Adiponectin and beta cell dysfunction in gestational diabetes: pathophysiological implications. Diabetologia 48:993–1001
Tsai PJ, Yu CH, Hsu SP, Lee YH, Huang IT, Ho SC, Chu CH (2005) Maternal plasma adiponectin concentrations at 24 to 31 weeks of gestation: negative association with gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutrition 21:1095–1099
Retnakaran R, Hanley AJG, Raif N, Connelly PW, Sermer M, Zinman B (2004) Hypoadiponectinaemia in south Asian women during pregnancy: evidence of ethnic variation in adiponectin concentration. Diabet Med 21:388–392
Retnakaran R, Hanley AJG, Raif N, Connelly PW, Sermer M, Zinman B (2004) Reduced adiponectin concentration in women with gestational diabetes. a potential factor in progression to type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 27:799–800
Ranheim T, Haugen F, Staff AC, Braekke K, Harsem NK, Drevon CA (2004) Adiponectin is reduced in gestational diabetes mellitus in normal weight women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83:341–347
Yamauchi T, Waki H, Kamon J et al (2001) Inhibition of RXR and PPAR gamma ameliorates diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest 108(7):1001–1013
Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, Terauchi Y et al (2001) Replenishment of the fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med 7:941–946
Kissebah AH, Sonnenberg GE, Myklebust J, Goldstein M, Broman K et al (2000) Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3 and 17 influence phenotypes of the metabolic syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:14478–14483
Gable DR, Hurel SJ, Humphries SE (2006) Adiponectin and its gene variants as risk factors for insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 188:231–244
Gable DR, Matin J, Whittall R, Cakmak H, Li KW, Cooper J, Miller GJ, Humphries SE (2007) Common adiponectin gene variants show different effect on risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in European subjects. Ann Hum Genet 71:453–466
Gonzalez-Sanchez JL, Zabena CA, Martinez-Larrad MT, Fernandez-Perez C et al (2005) An SNP in the adiponectin gene is associated with decreased serum adiponectin levels and risk for impaired glucose tolerance. Obes Res 13:807–812
Zacharova J, Chiasson JL, Laakso M (2005) The common polymorphism (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] +45 and SNP +276) of the adiponectin gene predict the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 54:893–899
Filippi E, Sentinelli F, Trischitta V, Romeo S et al (2004) Association of the human adiponectin gene and insulin resistance. Eur J Hum Genet 12:199–205
Hara K, Boutin P, Mori Y, Tobe K et al (2002) Genetic variation in the gene encoding adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population. Diabetes 51:536–540
Vasseur F, Helbecque N, Dina C et al (2002) Single nucleotide polymorphism haplotype in the both proximal promoter and exon 3 of the APM1 gene modulate adipocyte-secreted adiponectin hormone levels and contribute to the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in French Caucasians. Hum Mol Genet 11:2607–2614
Conflict of interest statement
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Low, C.F., Mohd Tohit, E.R., Chong, P.P. et al. Adiponectin SNP45TG is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Gynecol Obstet 283, 1255–1260 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-010-1548-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-010-1548-4