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Systemic CXCL10 is a predictive biomarker of vitiligo lesional skin infiltration, PUVA, NB-UVB and corticosteroid treatment response and outcome

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Abstract

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary skin disorder that currently lacks standardized treatment and validated biomarkers to objectively evaluate disease state or therapeutic response. Although prior studies have linked vitiligo autoimmunity with CXCL10/CXCL9-mediated recruitment of leukocytes to the skin, only limited clinical data are available regarding CXCL10 as vitiligo biomarker. To evaluate the utility of systemic CXCL10 as a predictor of disease progression and treatment response on a large cohort of vitiligo patients. CXCL10 levels in lesional, perilesional, and unaffected skin of vitiligo patient (n = 30) and in the serum (n = 51) were measured by quantitative ELISA. CXCL10 expression, recruitment of leukocytes, and inflammatory infiltrates were evaluated by histochemical (n = 32) and immunofluorescence (n = 10) staining. Rigorous cross-sectional and longitudinal biostatistical analysis were employed to correlate CXCL10 levels with disease variables, treatment response, and outcome. We demonstrated that elevated CXCL10 level (2 pg/mm2 and higher) in lesional skin correlates with increased leukocytic infiltrate, disease duration (< 2 year), and its higher level in the serum (50 pg/ml and higher). Changes in CXCL10 serum levels in patients treated with psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) phototherapy, narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy, and systemic steroids (SS) correlated with changes in the intralesional CXCL10 levels in repigmented skin. NB-UVB and SS regimens provided most consistent CXCL10 mean change, suggesting that these regimens are most effective in harnessing CXCR3-mediated inflammatory response. Serum CXCL10 is a useful vitiligo biomarker, which predicts lesional skin leukocytic infiltration, and vitiligo treatment response and outcome.

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Notes

  1. Average concentrations are provided in parentheses.

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Acknowledgements

These studies were supported in part by the Cultural and Educational Bureau of the Republic of Egypt and Egyptian Scholar Program for AFR and by the Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University for VA.

Funding

This work was supported in part by the Cultural and Educational Bureau of the Republic of Egypt for AFR and by the Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology At Minia University, Minia, Egypt

    M. El-Domyati, W. H. El-Din & A. F. Rezk

  2. Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB, Suite 430, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA

    A. F. Rezk, J. B. Lee, M. Farber, J. Uitto, O. Igoucheva & Vitali Alexeev

  3. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA

    I. Chervoneva

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  1. M. El-Domyati
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El-Domyati, M., El-Din, W.H., Rezk, A.F. et al. Systemic CXCL10 is a predictive biomarker of vitiligo lesional skin infiltration, PUVA, NB-UVB and corticosteroid treatment response and outcome. Arch Dermatol Res 314, 275–284 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-021-02228-9

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