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A pilot study of the UVA-photoprotective potential of dehydrosilybin, isosilybin, silychristin, and silydianin on human dermal fibroblasts

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Abstract

The exposure of naked unprotected skin to solar radiation may result in numerous acute and chronic undesirable effects. Evidence suggests that silymarin, a standardized extract from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. seeds, and its major component silybin suppress UVB-induced skin damage. Here, we aimed to investigate the UVA-protective effects of silymarinʼs less abundant flavonolignans, specifically isosilybin (ISB), silychristin (SC), silydianin (SD), and 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHSB). Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) pre-treated for 1 h with flavonolignans were then exposed to UVA light using a solar simulator. Their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonylated proteins and glutathione (GSH) level, caspase-3 activity, single-strand breaks’ (SSBs) formation and protein level of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and heat shock protein (HSP70) were evaluated. The most pronounced preventative potential was found for DHSB, a minor component of silymarin, and SC, the second most abundant flavonolignan in silymarin. They had significant effects on most of the studied parameters. Meanwhile, a photoprotective effect of SC was mostly found at double the concentration of DHSB. ISB and SD protected against GSH depletion, the generation of ROS, carbonylated proteins and SSBs, and caspase-3 activation, but had no significant effect on MMP-1, HO-1, or HSP70. In summary, DHSB and to a lesser extent other silymarin flavonolignans are potent UVA-protective compounds. However, due to the in vitro phototoxic potential of DHSB published elsewhere, further studies are needed to exclude phototoxicity for humans as well as to confirm our results on human skin ex vivo and in vivo.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Grant GACR 15-10897S, IGA_LF_2019_015, IGA_LF_2018_012, and the Institutional Support of Palacký University in Olomouc-RVO 61989592. We wish to thank Iveta Hatalová (University Hospital in Olomouc) for assistance with skin tissue donor recruitment.

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Author notes

  1. Alena Rajnochová Svobodová and Jitka Vostálová have contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Alena Rajnochová Svobodová, Eva Gabrielová, Jitka Ulrichová & Jitka Vostálová

  2. Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Bohumil Zálešák

  3. Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic

    David Biedermann

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  1. Alena Rajnochová Svobodová
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Correspondence to Jitka Vostálová.

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Rajnochová Svobodová, A., Gabrielová, E., Ulrichová, J. et al. A pilot study of the UVA-photoprotective potential of dehydrosilybin, isosilybin, silychristin, and silydianin on human dermal fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 311, 477–490 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-019-01928-7

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