The effects of high-dose methotrexate on the development of cartilage lesions in a lapine model of osteoarthrosis

Abstract

To determine whether systemic administration of methotrexate (MTX) can prevent joint destruction in experimental osteoarthrosis (OA) in rabbits, the disorder was induced unilaterally in the knee joints of 40 rabbits by partial medial meniscectomy and sectioning of the medial collateral and both cruciate ligaments. A sham operation (arthrotomy only) was performed in another four animals. Effects on the cartilage of the femoral condyles were studied after 6 and 12 weeks. Twelve weeks after induction, femoral and tibial osteophyte formation was demonstrated on radiographs in all cases. Marked cartilage damage was found histologically (median Mankin score 10 vs 1 for non-operated controls; P < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). Cartilage proteoglycan (GAG) content (dye binding assay) was reduced in operated joints [63 ± 8 (mean ± SEM) vs 75 ± 6 μg chondroitin sulfate/mg cartilage wet weight], and the leukocyte count in the joints was elevated (226 ± 14 vs 7 ± 3 leukocytes per μl joint aspirate after injection of 0.5 ml saline solution; both P < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). The rate of GAG synthesis was unchanged (ex vivo labelling with ³⁵S-sulfate). Treatment with MTX (30 mg × kg body weight^-1× week^-1 i.m., starting 12 h postoperatively) reduced cartilage damage (median Mankin score 8 vs 10 for placebo, P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test), but had no significant effect on the other parameters tested. No significant MTX effects were observed on cartilage from nonoperated joints. Our data indicate that MTX may have a limited therapeutic effect in experimental OA in the rabbit.