Abstract
Introduction
This study prospectively investigated the pain response and physiological parameters [heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2)] during sequential casting in bilateral clubfoot. Additionally, it explored the role of non-nutritive sucking and human care contact on the observed responses during casting.
Methods
Subjects were allotted to control group (Group A with no intervention) and two intervention groups (Group B: non-nutritive sucking intervention, Group C: human care contact intervention). Neonatal Infant Pain Score (NIPS), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were used to assess the response.
Results
The three groups matched in age and gender characteristics of the participants. Pain response was noted across all groups. The left foot demonstrated a statistically significant preexisting tachycardia which rose further during casting (p < 0.01). Intergroup comparisons revealed that the alteration for NIPS during casting was in following sequence (Group A > C > B, p < 0.00001). The effect of interventions offered in Group B and C lasted in the post-cast period as well (B > C).
Conclusion
The clubfoot child exhibited moderate pain response during casting of both feet. A tachycardia was noted prior to initiation of second cast which further exaggerated with subsequent cast. Pacifier (non-nutritive sucking) intervention produced better control of pain response than human care contact during casting for both feet.
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Data availability
The dataset generated shall be available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
Change history
07 November 2023
This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-023-05127-y
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by AU and AA. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SB and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya (No). F.1/AEC/CNBC/15/02/2021/Protocol no. 92 /4256.
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This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-023-05127-y"
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Agarwal, A., Barik, S., Upadhyay, A. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pain behavior of children with bilateral idiopathic clubfoot undergoing Ponseti casting and the effect of non-pharmaceutical pain-relieving agents. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 143, 5603–5608 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-023-04877-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-023-04877-z