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High complication rate after total knee and hip replacement due to perioperative bridging of anticoagulant therapy based on the 2012 ACCP guideline

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery volume 134, pages 1335–1341 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Introduction

An increasing amount of patients receiving total joint replacement require bridging of long-term anticoagulants. Guidelines, aimed at preventing complications, focus on thromboembolic events but not on bleeding complications. In this retrospective observational study, bleeding and thromboemoblic (TE) complications were evaluated in patients requiring perioperative heparin bridging of antithrombotic therapy during primary unilateral total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA).

Materials and methods

Between January 2011 and June 2012, we identified all patients receiving low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) bridging during THA or TKA, according to our local protocol based on the ACCP guideline. Bleeding and TE complications, interventions and patient-related outcome measurements were used for evaluation.

Results

Among 972 patients 13 patients required bridging. Twelve patients (92 %) experienced bleeding complications. An intervention was required in nine patients (69 %). Seven patients received blood transfusion (54 %). Nine patients (69 %) developed a hematoma and two patients (15 %) a periprosthetic joint infection. A total of five patients were re-admitted to hospital (39 %) and the length of stay increased in all patients. No TE complications were observed in any of these patients. One year results of this patient group seem to be good.

Conclusion

This study shows an alarmingly high complication rate in patients receiving LMWH bridging during elective TKA or THA surgery. All complications seem to be caused by, or secondary to bleeding. Patients need to be consulted about the risk of bleeding complications, and the risk of bleeding needs to be balanced over the risk of TE complications.

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Acknowledgments

There was no financial or other sponsorship involved in this study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, huispost 357, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Borg Leijtens

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Keetie Kremers van de Hei, Justus Jansen & Sander Koëter

Authors
  1. Borg Leijtens
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  2. Keetie Kremers van de Hei
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  3. Justus Jansen
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  4. Sander Koëter
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Borg Leijtens.

Additional information

This study was carried out in the Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

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Leijtens, B., Kremers van de Hei, K., Jansen, J. et al. High complication rate after total knee and hip replacement due to perioperative bridging of anticoagulant therapy based on the 2012 ACCP guideline. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 134, 1335–1341 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-014-2034-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-014-2034-4

Keywords

  • Total hip arthroplasty
  • Total knee arthroplasty
  • Bleeding complications
  • Thromboembolic complications
  • Antithrombotic prophylaxis
  • Bridging