Zusammenfassung
Die technologische Entwicklung der perkutanen Katheterablation zur Behandlung von Herzrhythmusstörungen hat sich von der initialen Anwendung von Gleichstrom-Schockabgaben über die Einführung der Hochfrequenzstromablation zu einem klinischen Routineverfahren entwickelt. Die invasive Elektrophysiologie zeichnet sich durch kontinuierliche technische Innovationen und damit einhergehendes wachsendes Verständnis elektrophysiologischer Mechanismen aus. Eine Reihe technologischer Neuentwicklungen wie die Laserablation, die multipolare biphasische Ablation, der Kryoballon, die Messung des Anpressdrucks bei Ablation, das hochauflösende dreidimensionale (3-D) Mapping oder das Konzept von Rotoren als Ziel einer Vorhofflimmerablation waren große Hoffnungsträger. Trotz intensiver Fortschritte bleibt eine der wesentlichen Herausforderungen der Katheterablation das Erzielen chronischer gewebespezifischer transmuraler Läsionen sowie die Vermeidung von Kollateralschäden. Das Ziel dieses Reviews ist es, den aktuellen Stand der Katheterablation von supraventrikulären Tachykardien, Vorhofflimmern und ventrikulären Arrhythmien zu skizzieren und zukünftige innovative Therapieverfahren und -strategien zu diskutieren. In Anbetracht der intensiven Dynamik an Entwicklungen kann dieses Review nicht alle neuen Ansätze berücksichtigen, sondern wird vielmehr nur einige der vielversprechenden Innovationen hervorheben. Themen dieser Diskussion beinhalten: die Verwendung nichtfluoroskopischer Katheternavigation, die Einführung neuer Ablationswerkzeuge, die Entwicklung alternativer Energiequellen, die Integration neuer bildgebender Verfahren und die Etablierung neuer Ablationsstrategien.
Abstract
Technological developments in percutaneous catheter ablation for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias have progressed from direct current shock ablation over the introduction of radiofrequency ablation to routine clinical procedures. Invasive electrophysiology is characterized by continuous technical innovation and an accompanying increasing understanding of underlying electrophysiologic mechanisms. A number of technical developments were promising, e.g., laser ablation, multipolar biphasic ablation, cryoballoon ablation, contact force, high density three-dimensional (3D) mapping, and the concept of rotors for atrial fibrillation ablation. Despite intense progress, one of the main challenges of catheter ablation is still the creation of tissue-specific chronic transmural lesions and avoidance of collateral damage. The purpose of this review is to present a status quo of catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia and to discuss future technical innovations and strategies. In the presence of the intense dynamic developments, this review can not consider all new approaches but will rather highlight some of the most promising innovations. Topics of discussion include the use of nonfluoroscopic catheter navigation, the introduction of new ablation tools, the development of alternative energy sources, the integration of new imaging modalities, and the establishment of novel ablation strategies.
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P. Müller und L. Eckardt geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
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Müller, P., Eckardt, L. Innovationen in der invasiven Elektrophysiologie. Herzschr Elektrophys 31, 362–367 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-020-00704-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-020-00704-9
Schlüsselwörter
- Herzrhythmusstörungen
- Katheterablation
- Pulsed field ablation
- Isochronales spätes Aktivierungsmapping
- Dreidimensionales Mapping