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Katheterablation und die Komplikationen

Catheter ablation and the complications

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Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Katheterablation von Vorhofflimmern hat sich zu einer Standard- und in einigen Fällen sogar Erstlinientherapie entwickelt. Hierbei ist es in den letzten Jahren zu einer deutlichen Zunahme der Prozedurzahlen gekommen. Die in den erfahrenen Zentren publizierten Daten legen nahe, dass die Anzahl der Komplikationen mit zunehmender Erfahrung abnimmt. Aufgrund der gleichzeitig aber auch steigenden Zahl unerfahrener Zentren nimmt im Durchschnitt die Komplikationsrate eher zu. Hier ist auf Dauer eine sinnvolle Qualitätssicherung gefragt, um nicht dem Patienten die Wahl der „sicheren Zentren“ zu überlassen. Am häufigsten treten vaskuläre Komplikationen auf, die meist in der Folge gut verlaufen und keiner weiteren Intervention bedürfen. Gerade der Inzidenz ischämischer Schlaganfälle kann mittels stringenter Kontrolle der periprozeduralen Antikoagulation gut begegnet werden. Die bei der Wahl von Kryoenergie häufiger auftretende Phrenikusläsion kann mittels Stimulation des N. phrenicus während der Ablation der rechten Pulmonalvenen in der Häufigkeit des Auftretens reduziert werden. Die am meisten gefürchtete Komplikation der atrioösophagealen Fistel ist selten. Es liegen keine Daten für eine effektive Vermeidung der Komplikation vor. Eine postprozedurale 4- bis 6-wöchige Therapie mit Protonenpumpeninhibitoren sowie die intraprozedurale Messung der Ösophagustemperatur und Reduktion der Ablationsenergie an der Hinterwand des linken Vorhofs können möglicherweise helfen, die Häufigkeit der Komplikation zu reduzieren.

Abstract

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation has developed into a standard therapy and even in some cases as a first line therapy. This has resulted in a clear increase in the number of procedures in recent years. The published data from experienced centers indicate that the number of complications decreases with increasing experience; however, due to the parallel increase in the number of inexperienced centers, the average complication rate shows a tendency to increase. In the long term this necessitates a reliable quality assurance in order not to leave the choice of the "safe centers" up to the patient. Vascular complications are the most common, which in most cases have an uneventful course and do not necessitate further interventions. Particularly the incidence of ischemic stroke can be well-countered by strict control of periprocedural anticoagulation. The frequency of occurrence of phrenic nerve lesions, which are more common when selecting cryoenergy, can be reduced by stimulation of the phrenic nerve during ablation of the right pulmonary vein. The most feared complication of an atrioesophageal fistula is rare. No data for an effective avoidance of complications are available. A postprocedural therapy with proton pump inhibitors for 4–6 weeks, the intraprocedural measurement of esophageal temperature and reduction of the ablation energy on the posterior wall of the left atrium can possible help to reduce the frequency of complications.

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Correspondence to D. Steven.

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D. Steven, J.-H. van den Bruck, T. Plenge, J. Lüker und A. Sultan geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Steven, D., van den Bruck, JH., Plenge, T. et al. Katheterablation und die Komplikationen. Herzschr Elektrophys 26, 338–343 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-015-0402-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-015-0402-6

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