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Antiarrhythmische Therapie mit β-Rezeptor-Antagonisten

Antiarrhythmic therapy with β-receptor antagonists

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Zusammenfassung

β-Blocker sind ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der Pharmakotherapie von Patienten mit ischämischer Herzerkrankung oder eingeschränkter Pumpfunktion jedweder Genese. Sie haben antiarrhytmische Eigenschaften auf der Ebene des Sinusknotens, der atrioventrikulären Leitung sowie Effekte auf die Refraktärzeiten im Myokard von Vorhof und Kammer. In Summe bestehen komplexe antifibrillatorische Wirkungen, die wesentlich an der Reduktion von Morbidität und Mortalität durch die Therapie beteiligt sind. Auf eine konsequente Umsetzung der Leitlinien mit entsprechender Aufsättigung bis zur maximal tolerierten Dosis ist zu achten. Auch Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern sollten primär einen Behandlungsversuch mit einer antiadrenergen Substanz erhalten. Bei guter Verträglichkeit kann den β-Blockern allein oder als Kombinationsmedikation der Vorzug gegeben werden. Prospektive Studien zur antiarrhythmischen Wirkung für dieses Indikationsgebiet müssen in Zukunft verstärkt den Wirkvergleich unterschiedlich α- und ß-selektiver Substanzen beinhalten. Eine erweiterte Kenntnis der differenzierten Therapie mit den verfügbaren Substanzen – auch der nur intravenös applizierbaren kurzwirksamen β-Blocker z. B. im intensivtherapeutischen Bereich – sollte die Abgrenzung unterschiedlicher Indikationsgebiete für die jeweiligen Präparate erleichtern.

Abstract

β-Blockers are an essential component of medical therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease or cardiac dysfunction of any genesis. They have an effect at the level of the sinus and the atrioventricular node, as well as on the atrial and ventricular refractory period of the myocardium. Overall, there are complicated antifibrillatory effects which are involved in the reduction of morbidity and mortality of this the therapy. According to the guidelines, it is important to uptitrate to highest tolerated dose. In patients with atrial fibrillation, antiadrenergic therapy should be the first line treatment; if well tolerated, then β-blockers alone or as a combination with an antiarrhytmic drug is preferrable. Future prospective studies on the antiarrhythmic effects in this therapeutic area should include comparisons of different α - and β-selective active substances. Increasing knowledge of the differential therapy with the available active substances including intravenously applicable short-acting β-blockers, e.g., in intensive care therapy – should distinguish the different therapeutic effects.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Unterstützung für Studien und Vorträge von den Firmen Biotronic, Medtronic, St. Jude Medical und Boston Scientific.

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Correspondence to G.C. Grönefeld.

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Grönefeld, G., Bänsch, D. Antiarrhythmische Therapie mit β-Rezeptor-Antagonisten. Herzschr. Elektrophys. 21, 222–227 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-010-0089-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-010-0089-7

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