Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Standard-EKG

  • Übersicht
  • Published:
Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Das EKG ist nach wie vor die technische Basisuntersuchung in der Kardiologie. Neubeschreibungen und - bewertungen liegen für die linksventrikuläre Hypertrophie, die Q-Zacke, sowie die arrhythmogenen Erkrankungen wie Long-QT-Syndrom, Short-QT-Syndrom, Brugada-Syndrom, arrhythmogene rechtsventrikuläre Kardiomyopathie und das Syndrom der frühen Repolarisation vor.

Abstract

The ECG is still the basis of technical investigations in cardiology. New descriptions and interpretations have been developed for left ventricular hypertrophy, Q-wave, arrhythmogenic diseases such as long and short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, syndrome of early repolarization, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular diesease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5
Abb. 6
Abb. 7
Abb. 8
Abb. 9
Abb. 10
Abb. 11
Abb. 12
Abb. 13
Abb. 14
Abb. 15

Literatur

  1. Antzelevitch C (2006) Brugada syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 29: 1130–1159

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Antzelevitch C, Pollevick GD, Cordeiro JM, et al (2007) Loss-of-function mutations in the cardiac calcium channel underly a new clinical entity characterized by ST-segment elevation, short QT intervals, and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 115: 442–449

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Arnett DK, Rautaharju P, Sutherland S, et al (1997) Validity of electrocardiographic estimates of left ventricular hypertrophy and mass in African Americans (The Charleston Heart Study ) Am J Cardiol 79: 1289–1292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ashley EA, Raxwal VK, Froelicher VF (2000) The prevalence and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic abnormalities. Curr Probl Cardiol 25:1–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Averill K, Lamb L (1960) Electrocardiographic findings in 67,375 asymptomatic subjects. Am J Cardiol 6:76–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Barr CS, Naas A, Freeman M, et al (1994) QT dispersion and sudden unexpected death in chronic heart failure. Lancet 343:327–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bazett HC (1920) An analysis of the time-relations of electrocardiograms. Heart VII:353–370

    Google Scholar 

  8. Brink PA, Crotti L, Corfield V, et al. (2005) Phenotypic variability and unusual clinical severity of congenital long – QT syndrome in a founder population Circulation 112: 2602–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Brugada P, Brugada J (1992) Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 20:1391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Caroll JD, Gaasch WH, mcAdam KPWJ (1982) Amyloid cardiomyopathy: characterization by a distinctive voltage/mass relation. Amer J Cardiol 49:9–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Casale PN, Devereux RB, Kligfield P, et al (1985) Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy: development and prospective validation of improved criteria. J Am Coll Cardiol 6:572–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cordeiro JM, Brugada R., Wu YS, Hong K., et al. (2005) Modulation of I (Kr) inactivation by mutation N588K in KCNH2: a link to arrhythmogenesis in short QT syndrome. Cardiovasc Res. 67: 498–509

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dalal D, Nasir K, Bomma C, et al (2005) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: a United States experience. Circulation 112: 3823–3832

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. De Bacquer D, Martins Pereira LS, De Bakker G, et al (1994) The predictive value of electrocardiographic abnormalities for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women. Eur Heart J 15: 1604–1610

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Furberg CD, Manolio TA, Psaty BM, et al. (1992) Major electrocardiographic abnormalities in persons aged 65 years and older (the Cardiovascular Health Study), Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Am J Cardiol 69: 1329–1335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gaita F, Giustetto C, Bianchi F, Wolpert F et al. (2003) Short QT syndrome: a familial cause of sudden death Circulation 108: 965–970

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Goldberger AL (1987) Normal and noninfarct Q wave. Cardiol Cli 5: 1357–66

    Google Scholar 

  18. Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, BHradlaey J, et al. (2008) Long – Qt syndrome after age 40 Circulation 117: 2192–201

    Google Scholar 

  19. Goldenberg I, Moss AJ (2008) Long QT Syndrome J Am Coll Cardiol 24: 2291–2300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Gonska, B.-D., Heinecker R. (1999) EKG in Praxis und Klinik 14. Auflage, Thieme Verlag

  21. Gouas L, Nicaud V, Berthet M, et al (2005) Association of KCNQ1, KCNE1, KCNH2 and SCN5A polymorphisms with QTc interval length in a healthy population, Eur J Hum Genet 13: 1213–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gubner RS, Unterleider HE (1940) Electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy: factor determining evolution of patterns electrocardiographic in hypertrophy and bundle-branch block. Arch Intern Med 72: 1961

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gussak I, Brugada P, Brugada J, Wright RS, et al. (2000) Idiopathic short QT interval: a new clinical syndrome? Cardiology 94: 99 –102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hiss R, Lamb L (1962) Electrocardiographic findings in 122.043 individuals. Circulation 25: 947– 961

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jervell A, Lange-Nielsen F (1957) Congenital deal-mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of the Q-T interval and sudden death. Am Heart J 54: 59–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jousilahti P, Vartianen E, Korhonen HJ, et al (1999) Is the effect of smoking on the risk for coronary heart disease even stronger than was previously thought? J Cardiovasc Risk 6: 293–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kaikkonen KS, Kortelainen ML, et al (2005) The –1C to T polymorphism in the annexin A5 gene is not associated with the risk of acute myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death in middle aged Finnish males. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 65: 133–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kannel WB, Anderson K, McGee DL, et al (1987) Non specific electrocardiographic abnormality as a predictor of coronary heart disease The Framingham Study. Am Heart J 113: 370–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kannel WB (1983) Prevalence and natural history of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Med 75: 4–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kannel WB, Gordon T, Offutt D (1969) Left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram. Prevalence, incidence, and mortality in the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 71: 89–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kautzner J, Yi G, Camm AJ, et al (1994) Short- and long-term reproducibility of QT, QTc, and QT dispersion measurement in healthy subjects. Pacing Clin electrophysiol 17: 928–937

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB et al (1995) The natural history of atrial fibrillation: Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow – Up study. Am J Med 98: 476–484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Levy D, Anderson KM, Savage DD, et al (1988) Echocardiographically detected left ventricular hypertrophy: prevalence and risk factors. The Framingham Heart Study. An Intern Med 108: 7–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Levy D, Salomon M, D’Agostino RB, et al (1994) Prognostic implications of baseline electrocardiographic features and their serial changes in subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 90: 1786–1793

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lewis T (1914) Observation upon ventricular hypertrophy with especial reference to preponderance of one or other chamber. Heart 5: 367

    Google Scholar 

  36. Liao YL, Liu KA, Dyer A, et al (1988) Major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk of death from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes in men and women J Am Coll Cardiol 12: 1494–1500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Molloy TJ, Okin PM, Devereux RB, Kligfield P (1992) Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy by the simple QRS voltage-duration product. J Am Coll Cardiol 20: 1180–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Molnar J, Zhang F, Weiss J, et al (1996) Diurnal pattern of QTc interval: How long is prolonged ? J Am Coll Cardiol 27: 76–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Moss AJ, McDonald J (1971) Unilateral cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglionectomy for the treatment of long QT interval syndrome. N Engl J Med 285: 903–4

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mosterd A, d’Agostio RB, Silbershatz H, et al (1999) Trends in the prevalence of hypertension, antihypertensive therapy and left ventricular hypertrophy from 1950 to 1989. N engl J Med 430: 1221–1227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Murphy ML, Thenabadu, PN, de Soyza N, et al (1984) Reevaluation of electrocardiographic criteria of left, right and combined cardiac ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol 53: 1140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Nadelmann J, Frishman WH, Ooi WL, et al (1990) Prevalence, incidence, and prognosis of recognized and unrecognized myocardial infarction in persons aged 75 years and older: The Bronx Aging Study Am J Cardiol 66: 533–537

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Norman JE, Levy D (1995) Improved electrocardiographic detection of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: results of a correlated data base approach. J Am Coll Cardiol 26: 1022–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ostor E, Schnohr P, Jensen G, et al (1981) Electrocardiographic findings and their association with mortality in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J 2: 317–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Piori SG, Napolitano C, Schwartz PJ (1999) Low penetrance in the long-QT syndrome clinical impact. Circulation 99: 529–33

    Google Scholar 

  46. Rajala S, Haavisto M, Kaltiala K, et al (1985) ECG findings and survival in very old people. Eur Heart J 6: 247–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Romhilt DW, Estes EH Jr. (1968) A point-score system for the ECG diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Am Heart J 5: 752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Roseman M (1954) Painless myocardial infarction: A review of the literature and analysis of 220 case. An Intern Med 41: 1–8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Sauer AJ, Moss AJ, McNitt S et al. (2007) Long QT syndrome in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 329–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Schimpf R, Wolpert C, Gaita F, Giustetto C et al. (2005) Short QT syndrome Cardiovasc Res. 67: 357–366

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Schwartz PJ, Spazzolini C, Crotti L, et al (2006) The Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: natural history, molecular basis, and clinical outcome. Circulation 113: 783–90

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Seth.R, Moss AJ, McNitt S, et al. (2007) Long QT syndrome and pregnancy J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 1092–98

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Sigurdsson E, Sigfusson N, Sigvaldason H, et al (1996) Silent ST-T changes in an epidemiologic cohort study –A marker of hypertension or coronary heart disease, or both: The Reykjavik study. J Am Coll Cardiol 27: 1140–1147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Sigurdsson E, Thorgeirsson G, Sigvaldason H, et al (1995) Unrecognized myocardial infarction: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and the prognostic role of angina pectoris. The Reykjavik Study. Ann Intern Med 122: 96–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Sodi Pallares D, Bisteni A, Herrmann GR (1952) Some views of the significance of qR and QR type complexes in right precordial leads in the absence of myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 43: 716–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Sox HC, Garber AM, Littenberg B (1989) The resting electrocardiogram as a screening test. A clinical analyses. Ann Intern Med 111: 48–50

    Google Scholar 

  57. Splawski I, Shen J, Timothy KW, et al (2000) Spectrum of mutations in long-QT syndrome genes. KVLQT1, HERG, SCN5A, KCNE!; and KCNE2, Circulation 1002: 1178–85

    Google Scholar 

  58. Strogatz DS, Tyroler HA, Watkins LO, et al (1987) Electrocardiographic abnormalities and mortality among middle-aged black men and white men of Evans County, Georgia J Chronic Dis 40: 149–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Sutherland SE, Gazes PC, Keil JE, et al (1933) Electrocardiographic abnormalities and 30-year mortality among white and black men of the Charleston Heart Study. Circulation 88: 2685–2692

    Google Scholar 

  60. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Group (1988) Statistical design considerations in the NHLI multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). J Chronic Dis 30: 261–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Ward OC (1964) A new familial cardiac syndrome in children. J Ir Med Assoc 54: 103–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Whincup PH, Wannamethee G, Macfarlane PW, et al (1995) Resting electrocardiogram and risk of coronary heart disease in middle aged british men. J Cardiovasc Rist 2: 533–543

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Whincup PH, Wannamethee G, Macfarlane PW, et al (1995) Resting electrocardiogram and risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged British men. J Cardiovasc Risk 2: 533–543

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Zabel M, Klingenheben T, Franz MR, et al (1998) Assessment of QT dispersion for prediction of mortality or arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction. Results of a prospective, long-term follow-up study. Circulation 97: 2543–2550

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Zareba W, Moss AJ, Schwartz PJ, et al (1998) International Long-QT Syndrome Registry Research Group. Influence of genotype on the clinical course of the long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 339: 960–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

 

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik 3 – Kardiologie, Angiologie, Intensivmedizin, St. Vincentius Kliniken Karlsruhe, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Freiburg, Südendstraße 32, 76137, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

    Bernd-Dieter Gonska

Authors
  1. Bernd-Dieter Gonska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gonska, BD. Standard-EKG. Herzschr. Elektrophys. 19, 89–97 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-008-0020-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-008-0020-7

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation