Zusammenfassung
Anordnung und Ausrichtung von Zellen sind entscheidend für die biologische Funktion von Geweben. Obwohl eine Vielzahl von Techniken beschrieben worden sind, um die Ausrichtung von Zellen zweidimensional zu steuern, bleibt es weiterhin eine immense Herausforderung, die Zellausrichtung von komplex organisierten nativen Geweben innerhalb von in vitro gezüchteten dreidimensionalen Geweben zu rekapitulieren. In der Vergangenheit bedurfte es einer aufwendigen, externen physikalischen Stimulation – beispielsweise mittels elektrischer oder mechanischer Reize –, um Ausrichtung und Elongation verschiedener Zelltypen nativer Gewebe innerhalb einer künstlichen 3D-Matrix zu simulieren. Neuere Studien konnten jedoch zeigen, dass es auch mit technisch simpleren Methoden, z. B. durch Vorgabe der 3D-Mikrogeometrie mithilfe von sog. Micropatterning-Techniken, möglich ist, Zellausrichtung und -elongation in vitro gezielt zu kontrollieren. Dies erlaubt uns nicht nur die dreidimensionale Zell-zu-Gewebe-Morphogenese besser zu verstehen, sondern stellt uns auch ein weiteres wichtiges Werkzeug zur Züchtung bioartifizieller Gewebe zur Verfügung.
Abstract
Cell orientation and alignment is crucial for the biological function of tissues. Although a multitude of techniques have been described to control cellular alignment in 2D, recapitulating the cellular alignment of highly organized native tissues within in vitro engineered 3D tissues still remains a major challenge. In the past it required elaborate external physical stimulation, e.g., by means of mechanical or electrical stimuli, in order to recapitulate the alignment and elongation of different cell types within an artificial 3D matrix. However, recent studies were able to show that cellular alignment and elongation can also be selectively controlled in vitro through simpler technical methods, e.g., by presetting the 3D microgeometry using micropatterning techniques. This not only allows us to better understand the 3D cell-to-tissue morphogenesis, but also provides us with another important tool for the engineering of bioartificial tissues.
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Basierend auf der Arbeit „Directed 3D cell alignment and elongation in microengineered hydrogels“ von H. Aubin et al. [19], die mit dem Ernst-Rainer de Vivie Nachwuchsförderpreis 2012 der DGTHG ausgezeichnet wurde.
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Aubin, H., Akhyari, P., Khademhosseini, A. et al. Gezielte dreidimensionale Zellausrichtung und -elongation in artifiziellen Geweben. Z Herz- Thorax- Gefäßchir 26, 188–195 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00398-012-0924-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00398-012-0924-8
Schlüsselwörter
- Myokardiales Tissue Engineering
- Bioartifizielle Gewebe
- Zellausrichtung
- Micropatterning
- Dezellularisierung