Zusammenfassung
Erhöhte Spender-Serumnatriumspiegel (SSNS) ist ein Phänomen, auf das man oft beim Management von hirntoten Spendern trifft. Die klinische Relevanz für das Outcome der Empfänger ist jedoch weniger gut untersucht. Wir haben den Einfluss von erhöhten Spender-Serumnatriumspiegeln auf das Outcome nach Herztransplantation anhand von 1800 herztransplantierten Patienten untersucht.
Methoden
Die Daten wurden in einer retrospektiven Analyse der Jahre 1989 bis 2005 zusammengetragen. Die Transplantationen wurden in drei deutschen Transplantationszentren durchgeführt. Die gemeinsame Datenbank beinhaltete den SSNS bei der Beschaffung des Organs, Empfänger- und Spenderalter, Ischämiezeit, primäres Transplantatversagen und Überleben.
Resultate
Der durchschnittliche SSNS war 147,7±10,3 l/l (Bereich von 111–208 l/l). Die Empfänger wurden in 4 Gruppen unterteilt mit den Perzentilen 141, 147 und 154 l/l. Daraus ergab sich für A ein SSNS: 135,8±4,4, für B: 143,6±1,7, für C: 149,7±1,9, und für D: 161,3±7,7 l/l. Primäres Transplantatversagen trat in 2,6% der Patienten auf, darunter in Gruppe A: 2,8, B: 2,8, C: 3,7 and D: 1,4% (P=n. s.). Die mittleren 5- und 10-Jahres-Überlebensraten waren 70,9% (57,6%), darunter für A: 71,1% (53,86%), B: 69,3% (53,9%), C: 72,7% (61,0%), und für D: 71,2% (62,4%) (P=n. s.). In einer Multivarianzanalyse zeigte sich für das Empfängeralter (P=0,002), die Ischämiezeit (P=0,002) und das Spenderalter (P=0,009) ein signifikanter Einfluss auf die postoperativen Ergebnisse. Der SSNS war kein individueller Risikofaktor in der Multivarianzanalyse.
Ergebnis
Es zeigte sich kein Einfluss des Spender-Serumnatriumspiegels, weder auf die früh-postoperativen Ergebnisse, noch auf das Langzeitoutcome. Dies besagt, dass Herzen von Spendern mit erhöhten Natriumspiegeln erfolgreich und mit guten Resultaten transplantiert werden können.
Summary
Elevated donor serum sodium is a phenomenon often encountered in the management of brain dead donors. The clinical relevance on recipient outcome is less examined. We investigated the impact of elevated donor serum sodium levels (DSL) on outcome after heart transplantation in 1800 heart transplantations.
Methods
Data was conducted in a retrospective analysis from 1989 until 2005. The transplantations were performed at three German heart transplant centers. The joined database included DSL at the time of organ procurement, recipient and donor age, ischemia time, primary graft failure and survival data.
Results
Mean DSL was 147.7±10.3 l/l (range 111–208 l/l). Recipients were divided into 4 groups with percentiles of 141, 147, and 154 l/l resulting in DSL of A: 135.8±4.4, B: 143.6±1.7, C: 149.7±1.9, and D: 161.3±7.7 l/l for the four quartiles. Primary graft failure occurred in 2.6% of the patients with A: 2.8, B: 2.8, C: 3.7 and D: 1.4% (P=n. s.). Mean 5- and 10-year-survival rates were 70.9% (57.6%) with A: 71.1% (53.86%), B: 69.3% (53.9%), C: 72.7% (61.0%), D: 71.2% (62.4%), respectively (P=n. s.). In a multivariate analysis a significant impact on postoperative results could be revealed for recipient age (P=0.002), ischemia time (P=0.002) and donor age (P=0.009). DSL were no individual risk factor in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
There was no impact of donor serum sodium levels neither on early postoperative results, nor on long-term outcome indicating that cardiac allografts from donors with elevated sodium levels might be transplanted successfully, achieving favourable results.
Literatur
Smith M (2004) Physiologic changes during brain stem death—lessons for management of the organ donor. J Heart Lung Transplant 23(9 Suppl):S217–22
Dominguez-Roldan JM, Jimenez-Gonzalez PI, Garcia-Alfaro C, Hernandez-Hazanas F, Fernandez-Hinojosa E, Bellido-Sanchez R (2005) Electrolytic disorders, hyperosmolar states, and lactic acidosis in brain-dead patients. Transplant Proc 37(5):1987–1989
Figueras J, Busquets J, Grande L et al (1996) The deleterious effect of donor high plasma sodium and extended preservation in liver transplantation. A multivariate analysis. Transplantation 61:410–413
Totsuka E, Fung U, Hakamada K, Tanaka M, Takahashi K, Nakai M, Morohashi S, Nishimura A, Ishizawa Y, Ono H, Toyoki Y, Narumi S, Sasaki (2004) Analysis of clinical variables of donors and recipient with respect of short-term graft outcome in human liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 36:2215–2218
Jawan B, Goto S, Lai CY, de Villa VH, Luk HN, Eng HL, Chen YS, Wang CC, Cheng YF, Chen CL (2002) The effect of hypernatremia on liver allografts in rats. Anesth Analg 95(5):1169–1172
Pokorny H, Langer F, Herkner H et al (2005) Influence of cumulative number of marginal donor criteria on primary organ dysfunction in liver recipients. Clin Transplant 19:532–536
Van da Walker SG (1998) The effects of donor sodium levels on recipient liver graft function. Journal of Transplant Coordination 8:205–208
Totsuka E, Dodson F, Urakami A, Moras N, Ishii T, Lee MC, Gutierrez J, Gerando M, Molmenti E, Fung JJ (1999) Influence of high donor serum sodium levels on early postoperative graft function in human liver transplantation: effect of correction of donor hypernatremia. Liver Transpl Surg 5(5):421–428
Yellon DM, Baxter GF (2000) Sodium hydrogen exchange in myocardial reperfusion injury. Lancet 356:522–523
Kaczmarek I, Groetzner J, Mueller M, Landwehr P, Uberfuhr P, Nollert G, Meiser B, Reichart B (2005) Impact of donor sodium levels on outcome after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 24:928–931
Chen JM, Sinha P, Rajasinghe HA, Surutwala SJ, McCue JD, McCarty MJ, Caliste X, Hauff HM, John M, Edwards NM (2002) Do donor characteristics really matter? Short- and long-term impact of donor characteristics on recipient survival, 1995–1999. J Heart Lung Transplant 21:608–610
Harada K, Franklin A, Johnson RG, Grossman W, Morgan JP (1994) Acidemia and hypernatremia enhance postischemic recovery of excitation-contraction coupling. Circ Res 74:1197–1209
Imahashi K, Kusuoka H, Hashimoto K, Yoshioka J, Yamaguchi H, Nishimura T (1999) Intracellular sodium accumulation during ischemia as the substrate for reperfusion injury. Circ Res 84:1401–1406
Iwai T, Tanonaka K, Inoue R, Kasahara S, Motegi K, Nagaya S, Takeo S (2002) Sodium accumulation during ischemia induces mitochondrial damage in perfused rat hearts. Cardiovasc Res 55:141–149
Kuznetsov AV, Brandacher G, Steurer W, Margreiter R, Gnaiger E (1999) Estimation of mitochondrial damage in heart preservation. Transplant Proc 31:992
Jassem W, Fuggle SV, Rela M, Koo DD, Heaton ND (2002) The role of mitochondria in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transplantation 73:493–499
White M, Wiechmann RJ, Roden RL et al (1995) Cardiac beta-adrenergic neuroeffector systems in acute myocardial dysfunction related to brain injury. Evidence for catecholamine-mediated myocardial damage. Circulation 92:2183–2189
Salim A, Vassiliu P, Velmahos GC et al (2001) The role of thyroid hormone administration in potential organ donors. Arch Surg 136:1377–1380
Szabo G, Buhmann V, Bahrle S, Vahl CF, Hagl S (2002) Brain death impairs coronary endothelial function. Transplantation 73:1846–1848
Hoefer D, Smits JMA, de Vries E, Antretter H, Laufer G (2005) Elevated donor sodium levels are a risk factor for increased 1-year mortality after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 25(2, Suppl 1):S70
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schmauss, D., Kaczmarek, I., Tenderich, G. et al. Einfluss des Spender-Serumnatriumspiegels in der Herztransplantation. Z Herz- Thorax- Gefäßchir 20, 189–194 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00398-006-0549-x
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00398-006-0549-x