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Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des Prostazyklin–Analogons Iloprost auf die Kontraktilität humaner Vorhofmuskulatur

Experimental study of the influence of the prostacyclin analog iloprost on the contractility of human right atrial myocardium

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Zeitschrift für Herz-,Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung

Das stabile Prostazyklin–Analogon Iloprost hat während der Rechtsherzkatheteruntersuchung von Patienten, die für eine Transplantation evaluiert wurden, eine klinisch nachweisbare Zunahme des linksventrikulären Herzindex gezeigt. Ausgehend von diesen Ergebnissen formulierten wir die Arbeitshypothese, dass Iloprost einen direkt positiv inotropen Effekt ausübt.

Methodik

Stellvertretend für linksventrikuläres Myokard wurde von 22 Patienten rechtsatriales Myokard des Vorhofohres im Rahmen elektiv durchgeführter kardiochirurgischer Operationen (Bypass, Aortenklappenersatz, Kombination) entnommen. Aus den gewonnenen Präparaten wurden vier Trabekel präpariert und je zwei Trabekel der Kontroll– und Verumgruppe zugeordnet. Als Kontrollgruppe wurde diejenige Trabekelpopulation bezeichnet, die nur mit Iloprost–Trägerlösung (ohne Wirkstoff) stimuliert wurde. Die Verumgruppe enthielt alle Trabekel, die mit Iloprost in einer Konzentrationsreihe von 1 pg/ml bis 100 ng/ml stimuliert wurden. Die Versuche wurden im Organbad durchgeführt, so dass alle Präparate mit gepufferter Tyrodelösung gespült und elektrisch mit 1 Hertz (Hz) stimuliert worden sind. Die Ermittlung der Kontraktionskräfte erfolgte mit einem Kraftaufnehmer. Die maximal mögliche Kontraktionskraft wurde durch Stimulation mit 10–7 M Isoprenalin ermittelt.

Ergebnisse

Iloprost in den getesteten Konzentrationen übt weder einen positiv noch negativ inotropen Effekt auf rechtsatriales Myokardgewebe aus. Die ermittelten Kontraktionskräfte waren weder abhängig von der Masse der präparierten Trabekel, noch von einer medikamentösen Vorbehandlung mit Betablockern.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Arbeitshypothese konnte durch den gewählten Versuchsaufbau nicht bestätigt werden. Ob Iloprost direkt positiv inotrop auf linksventrikuläres Myokard wirkt, muss in einem anderen experimentellen Ansatz, z.B. in einem Tiermodell, überprüft werden.

Summary

Purpose

An increased pulmonary arterial pressure or transpulmonary gradient of the recipient is one of the most significant predictors of postoperative graft failure and increased mortality in patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation. For that reason heart transplant candidates should be evaluated preoperatively concerning their responsiveness of the pulmonary vasculature. During our right heart catheter examinations of transplant candidates the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost was successfully introduced into the treatment of secondary pulmonary hypertension. Inhaled aerosolized iloprost effectively reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure and was accompanied by an increase in cardiac index and stroke index. From these results we hypothesized that iloprost may cause a positive inotropic effect on myocardium.

Methods

Representative for left ventricular myocardium, right atrium appendages of 22 patients undergoing elective surgery (bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement and combination) were removed during installation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Immediately after excision, the specimens were transferred into Tyrode’s solution. Right atrial appendages were dissected to yield trabecular strips without endocardial damage and with fibers running parallel to the length. Preparations were mounted in an organ bath setting. Always two trabecular strips were referred to the control and iloprost group. Arterial strips were stimulated with iloprost (1 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml) and electrically stimulated at a frequency of 1 Hz. The developed tension of the preparation was recorded via a strain gauge on a special recorder. The maximum of contractility was ascertained by use of 10–7 isoprenaline.

Results

Iloprost did not influence the contractility of right atrial myocardium. The developed tension of the trabecula was not dependent on their mass or the preoperative treatment with betablockers.

Conclusion

With right atrial trabecular strips in the described experimental setting we were not able to confirm our hypothesis of a possible positive inotropic effect of iloprost.

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Correspondence to Elke Czeslick.

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Czeslick, E., Rodenbäck, G., Wangemann, T. et al. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des Prostazyklin–Analogons Iloprost auf die Kontraktilität humaner Vorhofmuskulatur. Z Herz- Thorax- Gefäßchir 19, 173–180 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00398-005-0502-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00398-005-0502-4

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