Abstract
Substrate effect, slippage, and shear inhomogeneity in the shear-induced crystallization of an isotactic polypropylene are studied by rheological and optical experiments. Significant wall slip that reflects the polymer chain desorption from the wall was observed for the supercooled isotactic polypropylene (iPP) melt at 131 \(^{\circ }\)C in both the pre-shear and the subsequent small-amplitude oscillatory shear that monitor the crystallization of iPP. Crystallization of the iPP melt on aluminum substrate is faster than that on stainless-steel substrate with the same pre-shearing condition. Because the surface energy of aluminum plate is higher than that of stainless-steel plate, when using the aluminum plates, the slip during the pre-shearing is smaller; thus, the real shear rate (or shear strain, shear work) exerted to the melt is higher and so is the shear-induced nucleation density. By using the observed nucleation density and the estimated nucleus growth rate, the Kolmogoroff equation can yield correct orders of magnitudes of crystallization rates of iPP. Assuming that higher shear rate induces higher nucleation density in the iPP melt, the shear inhomogeneity during the pre-shearing can be inferred based on the optical observation on the crystallized iPP samples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bonaccurso E, Butt HJ, Craig VSJ (2003) Surface roughness and hydrodynamic boundary slip of a Newtonian fluid in a completely wetting system. Phys Rev Lett 90:144501.1–144501.4. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.144501
Boukany PE, Wang SQ (2010) Shear banding or not in entangled DNA solutions. Macromolecules 43:6950–6952. doi:10.1021/ma101267b
Boukany PE, Taoadia P, Wang SQ (2006) Interfacial stick-slip transition in simple shear of entangled melts. J Rheol 50:641–654. doi:10.1122/1.2241989
Boukany PE, Hu YT, Wang SQ (2008) Observations of wall slip and shear banding in an entangled DNA solution. Macromolecules 41:2644–2650. doi:10.1021/ma702332n
Boutahar K, Carrot C, Guillet J (1998) Crystallization of polyolefins from rheological measurements relation between the transformed fraction and the dynamic moduli. Macromolecules 31:1921–1929. doi:10.1021/ma9710592
Chen Y, Kalyon DM, Bayramli E (1993) Effects of surface roughness and the chemical structure of materials of construction on wall slip behavior of linear low density polyethylene in capillary flow. J Appl Polym Sci 50:1169–1177. doi:10.1002/app.1993.070500707
Choi CH, Kim CJ (2006) Large slip of aqueous liquid flow over a nanoengineered superhydrophobic surface. Phys Rev Lett 96:066001.1–066001.4. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.066001
Choi CH, Westin KJA, Breuer KS (2003) Apparent slip flows in hydrophilic and hydrophobic microchannels. Phys Fluids 15:2897–2902. doi:10.1063/1.1605425
De Gennes PG (1979) Écoulements viscométriques de polymeres enchevêtrés. C R Acad Sci B 288:219–220
Drda PP, Wang SQ (1995) Stick-slip transition at polymer melt/solid interfaces. Phys Rev Lett 75:2698–2701. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.2698
Elmoumni A, Winter H, Waddon A (2003) Correlation of material and processing time scales with structure development in isotactic polypropylene crystallization. Macromolecules 36:6453–6461. doi:10.1021/ma025948n
Henson DJ, Mackay ME (1995) Effect of gap on the viscosity of monodisperse polystyrene melts: slip effects. J Rheol 39:359–373. doi:10.1122/1.550702
Hu YT (2010) Steady-state shear banding in entangled polymers. J Rheol 54:1307–1323. doi:10.1122/1.3494134
Inn YW, Wissbrun KF, Denn MM (2005) Effect of edge fracture on constant torque rheometry of entangled polymer solutions. Macromolecules 38:9385–9388. doi:10.1021/ma0510901
Janeschitz-Kriegl H, Ratajski E, Wippel H (1999) The physics of a thermal nuclei in polymer crystallization. Colloid Polym Sci 277:217–226. doi:10.1007/PL00013746
Janeschitz-Kriegl H, Ratajski E, Stadlbauer M (2003) Flow as an effective promotor of nucleation in polymer melts: a quantitative evaluation. Rheol Acta 42:355–364. doi:10.1007/s00397-002-0247-x
Janeschitz-Kriegl H, Eder G, Stadlbauer M, Ratajski E (2005) A thermodynamic frame for the kinetics of polymer crystallization under processing conditions. MonatsheftefürChemie 136:1119–1137. doi:10.1007/s00706-005-0328-5
Khanna YP (1993) Rheological mechanism and overview of nucleated crystallization kinetics. Macromolecules 26:3639–3643. doi:10.1021/ma00066a024
Kornfiled JA, Kymaraswamy G, Issaian AM (2002) Recent advances in understanding flow effects on polymer crystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 41:6383–6392. doi:10.1021/ie020237z
Léger L (2003) Friction mechanisms and interfacial slip at fluid–solid interfaces. J Phys Condens Matter 15:S19–S29. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/15/1/303
Li H, Zhang X, Duan Y, Wang D, Li L, Yan S (2004) Influence of crystallization temperature on the morphologies of isotactic polypropylene single-polymer composite. Polymer 45:8059–8065. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.032
Lin Y, Fan YR (2012) Substrate effect on the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 125:233–245. doi:10.1002/app.35484
Massey G, Hervet H, Léger L (1998) Investigation of the slip transition at the melt polymer interface. Europhys Lett 43:83–88. doi:10.1209/epl/i1998-00323-8
Meerveld J, Peters GWM, Hütter M (2004) Towards a rheological classification of flow induced crystallization experiments of polymer melts. Rheol Acta 44:119–134. doi:10.1007/s00397-004-0382-7
Mhetar V, Archer LA (1998a) Slip in entangled polymer melts. 1. General features. Macromolecules 31:8607–8616. doi:10.1021/ma980163w
Mhetar V, Archer LA (1998b) Slip in entangled polymer melts. 2. Effect of surface treatment. Macromolecules 31:8617–8622. doi:10.1021/ma980130g
Mykhaylyk O, Chambon P, Graham R, Fairclough A, Olmsted P, Ryan A (2008) The specific work of flow as a criterion for orientation in polymer crystallization. Macromolecules 41:1901–1904. doi:10.1021/ma702603v
Ogino Y, Fukushima H, Yakahashi N, Matsuba G, Nishida K, Kanaya T (2006) Crystallization of isotactic polypropylene under shear flow observed in a wide spatial scale. Macromolecules 39:7617–7625. doi:10.1021/ma061254t
Phillips A, Bhatia A, Zhu P, Edward G (2011) Shish formation and relaxation in sheared isotactic polypropylene containing nucleating particles. Macromolecules 44:3517–3528. doi:10.1021/ma200040s
Ravindranath S, Wang SQ, Olechnowicz M, Quirk RP (2008) Banding in simple steady shear of entangled polymer solutions. Macromolecules 41:2663–2670. doi:10.1021/ma7027352
Shen B, Liang Y, Zhang C, Han CC (2011) Shear-induced crystallization at polymer–substrate interface: the slippage hypothesis. Macromolecules 44:6919–6927. doi:10.1021/ma200559f
Steenbakkers RJA, Peters GWM (2008) Suspension-based rheological modeling of crystallization polymer melts. Rheol Acta 47:643–665. doi:10.1007/s00397-008-0273-4
Sui CP, McKenna GB (2007) Instability of entangled polymers in cone and plate rheometry. Rheol Acta 46:877–888. doi:10.1007/s00397-007-0169-8
Tapadia PS, Joshi YM, Lele AK, Mashelkar RA (2000) Influence of stereo regularity on the wall slip phenomenon. Macromolecules 33:250–252. doi:10.1021/ma991480l
Varga J, Karger-Kocsis J (1996) Rules of supermolecular structure formation in sheared isotactic polypropylene melts. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 34:657–670. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199603)
Vega J, Hristova D, Peters GWM (2009) Flow-induced crystallization regimes and rheology of isotactic polypropylene effects of molecular architecture. J Therm Anal Calorim 98: 655–666. doi:10.1007/s10973-009-0516-3
Vinogradova OI, Yakubov GE (2003) Dynamic effects on force measurements. 2. Lubrication and the atomic force microscope. Langmuir 19:1227–1234. doi:10.1021/la026419f
Wang SQ (1999) Molecular transitions and dynamics at polymer/wall interfaces: origins of flow instabilities and wall slip. Polymers in Confined Environments 138:227–275. doi:10.1007/3-540-69711-X_6
Wang SQ, Ravindranath S, Boukany PE (2011) Homogeneous shear, wall slip, and shear banding of entangled polymeric liquids in simple-shear rheometry: a roadmap of nonlinear rheology. Macromolecules 44:183–190. doi:10.1021/ma101223q
Watanabe K, Udagawa Y, Udagawa H (1999) Drag reduction of Newtonian fluid in a circular pipe with a highly water-repellent wall. J Fluid Mech 381:255–238. doi:10.1017/S0022112098003747
White JL, Han MH, Brzoskowski R (1991) The influence of materials of construction on biconical rotor and capillary measurements of shear viscosity of rubber and its compounds and considerations of slippage. J Rheol 35:167–189. doi:10.1122/1.550226
Yoshimura A, Prud’homme RK (1988) Wall slip corrections for Couette and parallel disk viscometers. J Rheol 32:53–67. doi:10.1122/1.549963
Zhu XY, Granick S (2002) No-slip boundary condition switches to partial slip when fluid contains surfactant. Langmuir 18:10058–10063. doi:10.1021/la026016f
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472105).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lin, Y., Fan, Y. Slippage and shear inhomogeneity in shear-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene on metal substrates. Rheol Acta 52, 369–381 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-013-0693-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-013-0693-7