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Facile and green route polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone under ultrasound-aided dual-site phase transfer catalytic conditions

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Abstract

Combination of phase transfer catalyst and ultrasonication process is one of an emerging techniques that is realizing the perspectives of green chemistry principle. Generally, homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction rates are significantly enhanced by sonication process. Phase transfer–catalyzed (PTC) reactions become more facile and efficient with ultrasonication. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) in a two-phase media was explored. Polymerization was performed using dual-site phase transfer catalyst (1, 4-bis (triethyl methyl ammonium) benzene dibromide, TEMABDB) and potassium peroxydisulphate (PDS or PPS) under stir free ambiance at 60 ± 2 °C with and without ultrasonic irradiation (25 kHz; 550 W). With the use of ultrasonication, the polymerization rate was effectively doubled in shorter reactions time in comparison with standard condition. The effect of ultrasonic frequency and various reaction parameters on the polymerization process was investigated in both conditions. Enhancement of reaction rate under sonication was validated by activation parameter. Furthermore, thus, synthesized poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone) was characterized by spectral and thermal analyses.

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Acknowledgements

VM thanks the Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), New Delhi, for procuring Elma dual-frequency ultrasonicator from Germany.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), New Delhi, Grant No. SB/FT/CS-008/2014.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 048, India

    Elumalai Marimuthu & Vajjiravel Murugesan

  2. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan

    Balamurugan Rathinam

Authors
  1. Elumalai Marimuthu
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  2. Balamurugan Rathinam
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  3. Vajjiravel Murugesan
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All authors have contributed work equally in writing of the manuscript and they have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vajjiravel Murugesan.

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Highlights

• Facile polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone by ultrasound-aided dual-site PTC.

• Green approach and mild conditions used for polymerization of NVP.

• Sonication lifts the rate significantly in comparison with standard condition.

• Effects of reactions variables on polymerization were explored in both conditions.

• Obtained poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone) was analyzed by different spectral techniques.

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Marimuthu, E., Rathinam, B. & Murugesan, V. Facile and green route polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone under ultrasound-aided dual-site phase transfer catalytic conditions. Colloid Polym Sci 300, 641–654 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-022-04979-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-022-04979-x

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