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Colloidal crystallization of thermosensitive gel spheres of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with low degree of cross-linking

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Abstract

Morphology, phase diagram, and reflection spectroscopy of the colloidal crystals of thermosensitive gel spheres, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ((200–0.5), 318 and 116 nm in the hydrodynamic diameter at 25°C and 45°C, and 0.5% in the degree of cross-linking) were studied. Giant colloidal single crystals formed at very low gel concentrations. Densities of the gel spheres were 0.030 and 0.61 at 25°C and 45°C, respectively. Critical concentration of melting of gel spheres (0.8 wt.% without ion-exchange resins) decreased sharply to 0.015 wt.% at 25°C as the gel suspension was deionized exhaustively with coexistence of the mixtures of cation and anion exchange resins. These results demonstrate that the colloidal crystallization takes place by the extended electrical double layers formed around the gel spheres in addition of the excluded volume effect of the gels. Extent of the contribution of the electrical double layers on the crystallization increased sharply when the degree of cross-linking increased, the gel spheres shrank, and/or the density of the gel spheres increased.

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Acknowledgments

Financial supports to T.O. from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan for Exploratory Research and those to T.O., D.S. and A.T. from Japan Society for the promotion of Science for Scientific Research (B) are highly appreciated. D.S. also acknowledges Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (22685024). The research funds from REX Co. (Tokyo) to T.O. are thanked deeply.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Colloidal Organization, Hatoyama 3-1-112, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0012, Japan

    Tsuneo Okubo

  2. International Young Researchers Empowerment Center, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan

    Daisuke Suzuki

  3. Faculty of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan

    Daisuke Suzuki, Tomoyo Yamagata & Koji Horigome

  4. Department of Applied Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Kiyoshi Shibata & Akira Tsuchida

Authors
  1. Tsuneo Okubo
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  2. Daisuke Suzuki
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  3. Tomoyo Yamagata
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  4. Koji Horigome
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  5. Kiyoshi Shibata
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  6. Akira Tsuchida
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Correspondence to Tsuneo Okubo.

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Okubo, T., Suzuki, D., Yamagata, T. et al. Colloidal crystallization of thermosensitive gel spheres of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with low degree of cross-linking. Colloid Polym Sci 289, 1273–1281 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-011-2459-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-011-2459-z

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