Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ultra-porous hollow particles

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
Colloid and Polymer Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hollow particles with porous shells have been prepared by a simple modification to the surfactant-free polymerisation of styrene by the incorporation of water-soluble natural polymers and the use of high stirring speeds. The particle morphology has been characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When styrene is polymerised in the presence of either carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or sodium alginate at high stirring speeds, small homogeneous (solid) particles (diameter ~200 nm) and large porous particles (diameter~10 μm) are both formed. However, at low stirring speeds only the small homogeneous (solid) particles are formed. Further, only the small homogeneous (solid) particles are formed when non-adsorbing polymers such as starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) are present. In contrast, polymers that strongly adsorb onto polystyrene particles cause the polymerising mixture to flocculate. It is proposed that the porous character is a direct result of the polymerisation of a multiple emulsion in the presence of a depletion interaction. Moreover, addition of a high concentration of surfactant to the CMC system simply results in the spherical homogenous particles, suggesting that the surfactant removes the depletion effect.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tiarks F, Landfester K, Antoneitti M (2001) Langmuir 17:908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Loxely A, Vincent B (1998) J Colloid Interf Sci 208(1): 49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Chew CH, Li TD, Gan LH, Quek CH, Gan LM (1998) Langmuir 14:6068

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kentepoziou A, Kiparissides C (1995) J Microencapsulation 12(6):627

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhou XD, Zhang SC, Huebner W, Ownby PD, Gu HC (2001) J Mater Sci 36(15): 3759

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Loxely A, Vincent B (1998) J Colloid Interf Sci 208(1):49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Vogel M, Kowalski A, Scott JD (1988) European Patent 267726, CA 1988, 109,130886

  8. Okubo M, Yoshimura T (1996) European Patent, 695769, CA 1996, 124,205084

  9. Mayazaki T, Tada K, Nakahara Y (1993) Japanese Patent, 05070512, CA 1993,204582

  10. Touda H, Takagishi Y (1991) US patent, 5,077,320, CA 1990, 114,186339

  11. Goto K, Takeuchi T, Miyaji T, Kasai K (1990) Japanese patent, 02155935, CA 1990, 113,1992746

  12. Myazaki T, Tada K, Nakahara Y (1993) Japanese Patent, 05070513

  13. Tada K, Nakahara Y, Morokawa M (1989) Japanese Patent, 01315437, CA 1989, 112,180753

  14. Mandal TK, Fleming MS, Walt DR (2000) Chem Mater 12:3481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kowalski A, Vogel M, Blankenship RM (1984) US patent, 4,427,836, CA 1984, 101,231999

  16. Kowalski A, Vogel M (1984) US patent, 4,469,825, CA 1984, 101,231998

  17. Blankenship RM, Kowalski A (1986) US patent, 4,594,363, CA 1986, 61130

  18. Blankenship RM, Novak RW, Neyhart CJ, Vogel M (1996) US patent, 5,527,613, CA 1996, 120,272132

  19. Serizawa T, Chen M, Akash M (1998) Langmuir 14:1278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Patarin J, Lebeau B, Zana R (2002) Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 7:107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hentze HP, Kaler EW (2003) Curr Opin Colloid In 8(2):164–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Shi S, Kuroda S, Kubota H (2003) Colloid Polym Sci 281:331

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Okubo M, Yamada A, Matsumoto T (1980) J Polym Sci A 16:3219

    Google Scholar 

  24. Okubo M, Seike M, Matsumoto T (1983) J Appl Polym Sci 28:383

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Okubo M, Fujiwara T, Yamaguchi A (1998) Colloid Polym Sci 276:186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Okubo M, Konishi Y, Inohara T, Minami H (2003) Colloid Polym Sci 281:302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Heiser EJ, Baker H, Heer J (1970) Tappi J 53(9): 1739

    Google Scholar 

  28. Heiser EJ, Shand A (1973) Tappi J 56(2): 101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hagymassy JJ, Haynes LU (1977) Tappi J 60(7): 126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Seiner JA (1978) Ind Eng Chem Prod Rd 17:302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Goodwin JW, Hearn J, Ho CC, Ottewill RH (1973) British Polym J 5:347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang X, Boya B, Sudol ED, Ei-Aasser MS (2001) Macromolecules 34:8907

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Du H, Chen P, Liu F, Meng F, Li T, Tang X (1997) Mater Chem Phys 51:277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ye Q, Zhang Z, Ge X, Ni Y, Wang M (2002) Colloid Polym Sci 280:1091

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Cosgrove T, Hone JHE, Howe AM, Heenan RK (1998) Langmuir 14: 5376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Hone JHE, Howe AM, Whitesides TH (2000) Colloid Surf A 161:283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Gobel JG, Besseling NAM, Sturat MAC, Poncet C (1999) J Colloid Interf Sci 209:129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Csempesz F, Rohrsetzer S, Kovacs P (1987) Colloid Surf 24(2–3):101

    Google Scholar 

  39. Sakai T, Sakai H, Abe M (2002) Langmuir 18:3763

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hemsley AR, Griffiths PC (2000) Philos Tr R Soc S–A 358:547–564

    Google Scholar 

  41. Griffiths PC, Hemsley AR (2002) Colloid Surf 25:163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, PO Box 912, CF10 3TB, Cardiff, U.K.

    Peter C. Griffiths & Champa Wellappili

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.

    Alan R. Hemsley

  3. Department of Geology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, TW20 0EX, London, U.K.

    Rosy Stephens

Authors
  1. Peter C. Griffiths
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Champa Wellappili
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alan R. Hemsley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rosy Stephens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter C. Griffiths.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Griffiths, P.C., Wellappili, C., Hemsley, A.R. et al. Ultra-porous hollow particles. Colloid Polym Sci 282, 1155–1159 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-003-1041-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-003-1041-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation