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Ginseng-DF ameliorates intestinal mucosal barrier injury and enhances immunity in immunosuppressed mice by regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways

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Abstract

Purpose

Dietary fiber (DF) has a good application prospect in effectively restoring the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Ginseng-DF has good physicochemical properties and physiological activity and shows positive effects in enhancing immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Ginseng-DF on intestinal mucosal barrier injury induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in immunosuppressed mice and its possible mechanism.

Methods

The effects of Gginseng-DF on immune function in mice were studied by delayed-type hypersensitivy, lymphocyte proliferation assay and NK cytotoxicity assay, the T lymphocyte differentiation and intestinal barrier integrity were analyzed by flow cytometry and western blot.

Results

Ginseng-DF (2.5% and 5%) could attenuate the inhibition of DTH response by CTX, promote the transformation and proliferation of lymphocytes, and stimulate NK effector cell activity. At the same time, Ginseng-DF could restore the proportion of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes induced by CTX to different extents, improved spleen tissue damage, promoted the secretion of immunoglobulin IgG, and enhanced body immunity. More importantly, Ginseng-DF could up-regulate the contents of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β in serum and intestine of immunosuppressed mice to maintain the balance between Th1/Th2 cytokines, and improve the permeability of intestinal mucosal barrier. Meanwhile, Ginseng-DF could reduce intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and improve intestinal adaptive immunity in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice by regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Ginseng-DF can be used as a safe dietary supplement to enhance body immunity and reduce intestinal mucosal injury caused by CTX.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available upon request from the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

DF:

Dietary fiber

Th1/Th2:

T helper 1 and T helper 2

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

IFN-γ:

Interferon γ

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

Con-A:

Concanavalin A

CytC:

Cytochrome C

CTX:

Cyclophosphamide

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1β

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor α

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

DTH:

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFD1601600), Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Grant No.: CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ISAPS), Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program (202301ZYTS352), Jilin Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security (2023QN16).

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Author notes

  1. Ji-yue Sha and Ke-Cheng Chen have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China

    Ji-yue Sha, Zheng-bo Liu, Yu-shun Lu, Di Qu & Yin-shi Sun

  2. Goldenwell Biotech, Inc., Reno, NV, 89501, USA

    Ke-Cheng Chen

  3. College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China

    Wei Li

  4. Looking Up 9 Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping, 136000, China

    Shuang Liu

  5. Baker (Jilin) Special Medical Health Industry Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130102, China

    Jian-kai Ma

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  1. Ji-yue Sha
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Contributions

Ji-yue Sha: methodology, writing—original draft, project administration. Ke-Cheng Chen: conceptualization, writing—original draft. Zheng-bo Liu: investigation, data curation. Wei Li: conceptualization, supervision. Yu-shun Lu: data curation, methodology. Shuang Liu: software, validation, supervision. Jian-kai Ma: software, resources. Di Qu: software, resources. Yin-shi Sun: funding acquisition; writing review & editing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shuang Liu or Yin-shi Sun.

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All experimental animal programs were performed in strict accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (2016) and approved by the Laboratory Animal Care and Ethics Committee of the Institute of Special Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NO. ISAPSAEC-2022-021).

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Sha, Jy., Chen, KC., Liu, Zb. et al. Ginseng-DF ameliorates intestinal mucosal barrier injury and enhances immunity in immunosuppressed mice by regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Eur J Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03378-y

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