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Association between green tea intake and digestive system cancer risk in European and East Asian populations: a Mendelian randomization study

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Abstract

Purpose

Previous observational studies have shown that green tea consumption is associated with a reduced incidence of digestive system cancers (DSCs). However, the observed association could be due to confounding factors. Therefore, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess the causal effect of green tea intake on the risk of five common DSCs.

Methods

Independent genetic variants strongly associated with green tea consumption in European and East Asian populations were selected as instrumental variables in genome-wide association studies involving up to 64,949 European individuals and 152,653 East Asian individuals, respectively. The associations between genetic variants and DSCs were extracted from the FinnGen study and the Japan Biobank. The primary analysis was performed using random-effects inverse variance weighting (IVW). Other MR analyses, including weighted mode-based estimate, weighted-median, MR-Egger regression, Mendelian Randomization-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) analysis, were used for sensitivity analyses. In addition, a multivariate MR design was performed to adjust for smoking and alcohol consumption.

Results

The IVW results showed no causal relationship between tea intake and DSCs risk in European population (esophagus cancer: odds ratio (OR) = 1.044, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.992–1.099, p = 0.096; stomach cancer: OR = 0.988, 95% CI 0.963–1.014, p = 0.368; colorectal cancer: OR = 1.003, 95% CI 0.992–1.015, p = 0.588; liver cancer: OR = 0.996, 95% CI 0.960–1.032, p = 0.808; pancreatic cancer: OR = 0.990, 95% CI 0.965–1.015, p = 0.432). The MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO analysis and other methods also confirmed the reliability of the conclusion. Similarly, no significant association was found between green tea consumption and the incidence of DSCs among East Asians. This relationship is not significant even after adjusting for smoking and alcohol consumption (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study provides evidence that genetically predicted green tea intake is not causally associated with the development of DSCs in the European and East Asian population.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in FinnGen (https://www.finngen.fi/en), UK Biobank (http://www.nealelab.is/uk-biobank) and BioBank Japan studies (http://jenger.riken.jp/en/).

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the participants and investigators of the FinnGen, UK Biobank and BioBank Japan study. We also thank Home for Researchers editorial team (www.home-for-researchers.com) for language editing service.

Funding

The study was funded by Key Discipline Project on Chinese Pharmacology of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine [202302] and General Program of Hunan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine [B2023010].

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Author notes

  1. Duorui Nie, Xiaoyu He and Hao Zheng contributing equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China

    Duorui Nie, Deyu Deng, Fanghui He, Ruyi Li, Xiaoting Ni, Shunxiang Li & Fei Xu

  2. Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

    Xiaoyu He

  3. First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

    Hao Zheng

  4. Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China

    Shunxiang Li & Fei Xu

  5. Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha, China

    Shunxiang Li & Fei Xu

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Contributions

Conceptualization: D.N., S. L. and F.X.; methodology: H.Z., D. D, F.H. and X.N.; software: D.N, X.H., R. L. and H. Z.; formal analysis: H. Z., X. H. and X. N.; writing—original draft preparation: H. Z. and X. N., D. N; writing—review and editing, D.N., X. H., F.X., and S.L.; all the authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shunxiang Li or Fei Xu.

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Since our data are publicly available and all subjects have obtained informed consent to participate in the corresponding research, this study no longer requires ethical review.

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All subjects obtained informed consent to participate in the corresponding study, so it was not required for this study.

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Nie, D., He, X., Zheng, H. et al. Association between green tea intake and digestive system cancer risk in European and East Asian populations: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Nutr 63, 1103–1111 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03312-8

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