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Association of at-home and out-of-home eating frequency with the estimated 10-year arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study

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Abstract

Purpose

Insufficient evidence currently exists regarding the relationship between eating frequency and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the association of at-home eating (AHE) and out-of-home eating (OHE) frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk.

Methods

A total of 23,014 participants were included from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to acquire data on the frequency of OHE and AHE. The relationship of OHE and AHE frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk was evaluated by logistic regression. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate whether BMI mediated the association of OHE and AHE frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk.

Results

The adjusted OR and 95% CI of 10-year ASCVD risk for participants who ate out 7 or more times a week was 2.012 (1.666, 2.429) compared with participants who had OHE 0 times. Compared to those who had AHE ≤ 11 times, the adjusted OR and 95% CI for the participants eating every meal at home (21 times) was 0.611 (0.486, 0.769). The relationship of OHE and AHE frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk was mediated by BMI, and the proportion of BMI explained was 25.3% and 36.6%.

Conclusions

The OHE frequency was associated with increased 10-year ASCVD risk, while AHE was related to decreased 10-year ASCVD risk, and BMI may play a partial mediating role in the relationship. Implementing health promotion strategies that promote AHE and discourage frequent OHE may prove to be an effective approach to preventing and controlling ASCVD.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR-OOC-15006699 (2015–07-06).

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Data availability

The data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Contact Chongjian Wang (tjwcj2008@zzu.edu.cn) for additional information regarding data access.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are especially grateful to the participants, coordinators, and administrators for their support during the research.

Funding

This research was supported by the Chinese Nutrition Society-Danone Dietary Nutrition Research and Education Fund (Grant No: DIC2020-04) and Yum China Dietary Health Foundation (Grant No: CNS-YUM2020A19), Science and Technology Innovation Team Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province (Grant No: 21IRTSTHN029), Foundation of National Key Program of Research and Development of China (Grant No: 2016YFC0900803). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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  1. Beibei Liu and Xiaotian Liu have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People’s Republic of China

    Beibei Liu, Xiaotian Liu, Zihan Liu, Sen Zhang, Ning Kang, Jian Hou & Chongjian Wang

  2. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China

    Chunyang Sun, Yifei Chen & Yuan Tian

  3. School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China

    Zhuang Zhuo

  4. Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China

    Shouzheng Wei

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Contributions

CJW conceived and designed the research; BBL, XTL, CYS, YFC, YT, NK and JH collected and analyzed the data; ZZ, SZW, ZHL, SZ, YFC and YT entered and analyzed the data; BBL and XTL wrote the manuscript; and CJW had primary responsibility for final content. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chongjian Wang.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they had no financial relationship with the organization that sponsored the study. In addition, the authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

Ethics approval was obtained from the “Zhengzhou University Life Science Ethics Committee” (Ethics approval code: [2015] MEC (S128)). The study was conducted by the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before this study.

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Liu, B., Liu, X., Sun, C. et al. Association of at-home and out-of-home eating frequency with the estimated 10-year arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Eur J Nutr 62, 2929–2938 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03200-1

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