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Lactobacillus GG is associated with mucin genes expressions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

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Abstract

Purpose

Recent studies indicate that dysbiosis of gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation are important pathogenic determinants of type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus GG on glycemic control, lipid profile, inflammatory parameters, and some gene expression levels in individuals with T2DM.

Methods

In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 34 women, aged 30–60 years with T2DM consumed daily probiotics or placebo for 8 weeks. The probiotic group consumed 10 × 109 Cfu/day Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53,103 (LGG), approved by the TR Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock. Anthropometric measurements, food diary, fasting blood, and fecal samples were taken at baseline and post-treatment.

Results

Fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased in probiotic (p = 0.049) and placebo (p = 0.028), but there was no difference between the groups. In the probiotic group, no significant difference was observed in HbA1c, fructosamine, lipid profile, and inflammatory variables compared to baseline. In this group, with LGG supplementation, mucin 2 and 3A (MUC2 and MUC3A) gene expressions increased more than ninefolds (p = 0.046 and p = 0.008, respectively) at post-treatment. Meanwhile, there was no significant change in any of the gene expressions in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in energy, protein, dietary fiber, and cholesterol intakes between placebo and probiotic groups during the study. However, daily fat intake (p = 0.003), body weight (p = 0.014), and body fat (p = 0.015) in the probiotic group were significantly decreased.

Conclusion

In this study, the effects of a single probiotic strain were investigated for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, although there was no finding that clearly reflected on the glycemic parameters of T2DM, its beneficial effects on the expression of mucin genes, which are responsible for weight loss and protection of intestinal barrier functions, cannot be denied. Further studies are needed to reveal the importance of these findings.

Clinical trial registration

ID: NCT05066152, October 4, 2021 retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov PRS web site.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Menarini Co, Türkiye for providing probiotic products. The authors are also thankful to Zade Vital Co. for preparing placebo corn oil.

Funding

The present work was supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Istanbul University. Project no. 57789.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Beyza Eliuz Tipici

  2. Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ender Coskunpinar

  3. Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ender Coskunpinar, Derya Altunkanat & Sukru Palanduz

  4. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Penbe Cagatay

  5. Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Beyhan Omer

  6. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ilhan Satman & Ferihan Aral

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Contributions

BET: conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, investigation, writing—original draft. EC: funding acquisition, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, resources, writing—review and editing. DA and BO: formal analysis. PC: project administration, formal analysis. SP: formal analysis supervision, resources. IS: project administration, resources, interpreting the results, writing—review and editing. FA: supervision, project administration, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Beyza Eliuz Tipici.

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Eliuz Tipici, B., Coskunpinar, E., Altunkanat, D. et al. Lactobacillus GG is associated with mucin genes expressions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 62, 2155–2164 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03139-3

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