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The interaction between glycemic index, glycemic load, and the genetic variant ADIPOQ T45G (rs2241766) in the risk of colorectal cancer: a case–control study in a Korean population

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Abstract

Purpose

The glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and adiponectin level contribute to glycemic response and insulin sensitivity in the body. Studies have shown that tumor development is related to glycemic disorders; however, the results are contradictory. We aimed to investigate the association of GI and GL with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a Korean population and their possible interactions with the genetic variant ADIPOQ T45G.

Methods and results

A case–control study including 2096 participants with 695 CRC cases was conducted. The results showed that diets with high GI or GL were significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC [odds ratio (OR) = 5.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.85–7.68; OR = 4.43, 95% CI 3.18–6.15, respectively; all p-trends < 0.001]. Moreover, even with a low-GI and low-GL diet, G/G genotype carriers may have 2.93-fold and 3.77-fold higher risk of rectal cancer compared to carriers of other genotypes (T/T + T/G), (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.01–8.59, p-interaction = 0.011 for GI; OR = 3.77, 95% CI 1.46–9.77, p-interaction = 0.025 for GL).

Conclusions

Overall, our study suggests positive associations of GI and GL with CRC risk. Moreover, the associations of GI and GL with rectal cancer risk could be modified by ADIPOQ T45G in a Korean population. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the International Cooperation & Education Program (NCCRI·NCCI 52210-52211, 2021) of National Cancer Center, the National Cancer Center (1910330), and the National Research Foundation of Korea (2021R1A2C2008439).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

    Y-Thanh Lu

  2. Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

    Madhawa Gunathilake, Jeonghee Lee & Jeongseon Kim

  3. Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

    Jae Hwan Oh, Hee Jin Chang & Dae Kyung Sohn

  4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea

    Aesun Shin

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  1. Y-Thanh Lu
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Contributions

YTL, AS, and JK designed and conducted the study, and revised the manuscript. YTL and MG performed the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. JL, JHO, HJC, and DKS recruited the study participants and collected the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jeongseon Kim.

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All the authors declare no conflict of interest.

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The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Center (NCC), Korea (IRB No. NCCNCS-10-350 and NCC2015-0202).

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All participants were asked to provide informed consent prior to participating in adherence with the NCC Korea guidelines.

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Lu, YT., Gunathilake, M., Lee, J. et al. The interaction between glycemic index, glycemic load, and the genetic variant ADIPOQ T45G (rs2241766) in the risk of colorectal cancer: a case–control study in a Korean population. Eur J Nutr 61, 2601–2614 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02845-8

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