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Dietary patterns are associated with central adiposity and carotid intima-media thickness in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease

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Abstract

Purpose

Unhealthy dietary patterns (DP) in childhood are associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. DP in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are unknown. The aims of this study were to describe DPs of children and adolescents with CHD and to evaluate their associations with central adiposity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).

Methods

A cross-sectional study including 232 children and adolescents with CHD. Dietary data were based on three 24-h dietary recalls. Central adiposity was evaluated by waist circumference. hs-CRPs were determined by nephelometry. The cIMT was measured using ultrasound. DPs were identified using principal component analysis. Data were examined using logistic and linear regressions.

Results

Six DPs were identified. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, unhealthy DP (high intake of poultry, red meat, cold cuts and processed meats, soft drinks and sweetened beverages) and healthy DP (high intake of fish, eggs, bread, beans, tubers and roots, fruit and fruit juice) were associated with increased and decreased odds of central adiposity, respectively (Odds ratio (OR): 2.10; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.09; 4.02; OR: 0.48 95% CI 0.24; 0.93). Besides, low-fat dairy DP (high intake of low-fat milk and dairy, mixed dishes, ultra-processed breads, candy and chocolate) was inversely associated with cIMT (β: − 0.024; 95% CI − 0.04; − 0.01).

Conclusion

Unhealthy DP seems to increase the risk of central adiposity, while the healthy DP seems to decrease the risk of central adiposity. Still, low-fat dairy DP was inversely associated with cIMT. These findings may be helpful to develop nutrition recommendations for early cardiovascular disease prevention in children and adolescents with CHD.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully thank the patients and families for their collaboration, the teams of the laboratories and clinics involved.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Michele Honicky, Francilene Gracieli Kunradi Vieira, Patricia de Fragas Hinnig & Yara Maria Franco Moreno

  2. Undergraduate Nutrition Course, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Juliana Nicolodi Souza

  3. Hospital Universitário Polydoro Ernanni de São Tiago da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Silvia Meyer Cardoso

  4. Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Silvia Meyer Cardoso & Isabela de Carlos Back

  5. Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Francilene Gracieli Kunradi Vieira, Patricia de Fragas Hinnig & Yara Maria Franco Moreno

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  1. Michele Honicky
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  2. Juliana Nicolodi Souza
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  3. Silvia Meyer Cardoso
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  4. Isabela de Carlos Back
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  6. Patricia de Fragas Hinnig
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Contributions

MH and YMFM contributed to the conception or design of the work. MH, SMC, JNS, FGKV, PFH, ICB, YMFM contributed to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work. MH and YMFM drafted the manuscript. SMC, JNS, FGKV, PFH, ICB, YMFM critically revised the manuscript. All gave final approval and agree to be accountable for all aspects of work ensuring integrity and accuracy.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yara Maria Franco Moreno.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethics approval

This study was approved by Ethics Committee at the Joanna de Gusmão Children’s Hospital, Brazil (No. 1.672.255/2016) and was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

Consent to participate

Written informed consent was obtained from all parents or guardians. Children and adolescents gave their assent to participate in the study.

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All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Honicky, M., Souza, J.N., Cardoso, S.M. et al. Dietary patterns are associated with central adiposity and carotid intima-media thickness in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Eur J Nutr 60, 4295–4306 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02586-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02586-0

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